本文選題：宋代 + 商業(yè)　； 參考：《首都師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版)》2017年05期

【摘要】：宋代資本的集中大致有三個(gè)途徑:一是來自政府機(jī)構(gòu)為權(quán)貴高官支付的優(yōu)厚俸祿。二是土地占有者憑借土地經(jīng)營(yíng),集中了一筆可觀的金銀銅錢。三是坐商巨賈通過長(zhǎng)途販運(yùn)貨物,從兩地間批發(fā)商業(yè)提取商業(yè)利潤(rùn),并從中形成巨額財(cái)富。宋代的富商大賈是由交引鋪、金銀財(cái)帛鋪、邸店停塌之家構(gòu)成。特別是由金融業(yè)進(jìn)行的高利貸資本的積累,是當(dāng)時(shí)商業(yè)活動(dòng)的最顯著的表現(xiàn)。它以極高的利率貸款給小農(nóng)民、手工業(yè)者以及地主、商人和官僚,在短期內(nèi)獲得巨大的財(cái)富。貨幣財(cái)富的增長(zhǎng),促使商業(yè)資本和高利貸資本的集中。宋代福建的發(fā)展不是江浙地區(qū)發(fā)展的翻版,商業(yè)資本和高利貸資本的集中對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)的發(fā)展所起的帶動(dòng)作用較之兩浙地區(qū)要更大。商業(yè)資本和高利貸資本的投資方向主要是土地、房產(chǎn)以及通過對(duì)倉(cāng)庫(kù)、旅館業(yè)、金融業(yè)、運(yùn)輸業(yè)、客商的投資而進(jìn)行的。宋代商業(yè)資本和高利貸資本表現(xiàn)了這樣一個(gè)趨勢(shì):同官僚、地主逐步結(jié)合,形成為官、商、地主的三位一體,在宋代社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中形成一個(gè)重要?jiǎng)萘Α?br/>[Abstract]:There are three ways to concentrate capital in Song Dynasty: one is the generous salaries paid by government agencies for senior officials. Second, land occupants by virtue of land management, concentrated a considerable amount of gold, silver and copper money. Third, through long-distance trafficking of goods, merchants draw commercial profits from wholesale businesses between the two places, and form huge wealth from them. The rich merchants of the Song Dynasty were made up of the shop, the shop of gold, silver and money, and the residence shop. In particular, the accumulation of usury capital by the financial sector was the most prominent manifestation of commercial activities at that time. It loaned to small farmers, craftsmen, landlords, businessmen, and bureaucrats at extremely high interest rates, earning huge wealth in the short term. The growth of monetary wealth promotes the concentration of commercial capital and usury capital. The development of Fujian in Song Dynasty is not a copy of the development of Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions. The concentration of commercial capital and usury capital plays a more important role in promoting the development of economy and society than in the two regions. Commercial capital and usury capital are mainly invested in land, real estate and through investment in warehouses, hotels, finance, transportation, and merchants. Commercial capital and usury capital in Song Dynasty showed such a trend: gradually combined with bureaucrats and landlords, forming the trinity of officials, merchants and landlords, forming an important force in the social structure of the Song Dynasty.
【作者單位】： 首都師范大學(xué)歷史學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：K244
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本文編號(hào)：1946127