本文選題：金末 + 義軍�。� 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：金朝末期，大量被稱作“義軍”的軍隊(duì)走上了歷史舞臺(tái)，在金朝末年的軍事機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中發(fā)揮了重要的作用。 金末義軍，根據(jù)移民因素可以劃分為南渡義軍、未南渡義軍。從人員構(gòu)成上來(lái)看，南渡義軍以南渡移民為主，，未南渡義軍以本土居民為主。南渡義軍受到金朝政府的政治干預(yù)較強(qiáng)，未南渡義軍則較弱。 金末設(shè)置大量的“遙授”及“遙領(lǐng)”官，根據(jù)對(duì)史籍的分析，“遙授”應(yīng)為正式稱謂，“遙領(lǐng)”則為非正式稱謂�！斑b授”（遙領(lǐng)）官授予遵循就近原則。主要授予對(duì)象是和軍事行動(dòng)有關(guān)系的官員。并部分取代了原武散官階的職能。 金朝南渡義軍的部署主要沿黃河—潼關(guān)一線展開(kāi)，從黃河中游的葭州開(kāi)始，經(jīng)過(guò)牛心寨、楨州、同州、河中府、潼關(guān)、陜州、中京、鄭州、新舊衛(wèi)州、開(kāi)封府、睢州、單州、歸德府、徐州、邳州，以及潼關(guān)一線縱深的商州、虢州、申州、裕州、嵩州、汝州等，布防嚴(yán)密，層層相扣。這一防線為歷朝歷代防御黃河最周密者。 金朝末年南侵南宋，主要目的在于獲取糧食等戰(zhàn)略物資。野戰(zhàn)方面主要使用春季突襲，集中使用騎兵、步騎聯(lián)合以及步兵輪番攻擊的戰(zhàn)術(shù)。在攻略方向上，主要根據(jù)“泰和南征”的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不去攻擊大型州軍級(jí)城市，攻略對(duì)象以中小型州軍、縣級(jí)山水寨為主。 蒙古侵金，主要采取了最大限度地削弱金朝的人力和物力資源的道路。金朝義軍，在野戰(zhàn)方面，發(fā)展了攻擊“游騎”、襲擊、以步制騎、提高戰(zhàn)斗堅(jiān)忍性及騎兵對(duì)騎兵等多種戰(zhàn)法，給予蒙古軍一定的打擊。在守城方面成效不大。河北、河?xùn)|地區(qū)則主要面對(duì)蒙古騎兵及其漢地世侯，利用水寨和山寨，采取襲擾與反襲擾作戰(zhàn)。 金朝末期出現(xiàn)了大量的忠義殉節(jié)人群，基本上涵蓋了金朝統(tǒng)治下的各個(gè)民族、階級(jí)，主要是各種既得利益者，尤以義軍為突出。同時(shí)，金末忠義殉節(jié)群體在宋、元、明、清各代一直受到尊重，這種狀況一直到清末才改變。 金末義軍發(fā)揮了重要的歷史作用，促進(jìn)了晚金政治結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，義軍在金朝獲取資源及政治地位有了顯著的提高。同時(shí)，義軍也在一定程度上促進(jìn)了金朝晚期的民族融合。
[Abstract]:At the end of the Jin Dynasty, a large number of troops, known as Rebellion, stepped onto the historical stage and played an important role in the operation of the military machine in the late Jin Dynasty. According to the immigration factors, the Rebellion in the late Jin Dynasty can be divided into the Nandu Rebellion and the Nandu Rebellion. In terms of personnel composition, Nandu Rebellion is dominated by emigrants, while Nandu Rebellion is dominated by native residents. The Nandu Rebellion was strongly interfered with by the Jin Dynasty government, but the Nandu Rebellion was weaker. According to the analysis of historical records, "teleteaching" should be a formal term, and "remote receiving" is an informal term. The conferral of a remote officer follows the principle of proximity. The main award is to officials connected with military operations. And partly replaced the function of the rank of the original Wu San. The deployment of the Jin Chao Nandu Rebellion was mainly carried out along the Yellow River-Tongguan line. Starting from Jiazhou in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, through Niuxinzhai, Zhenzhou, Tongzhou, Tongzhou, Tongguan, Shanzhou, Zhongjing, Zhengzhou, New and Old Wei prefectures, Kaifeng, Suizhou, and Monozhou. Gui de Fu, Xuzhou, Pizhou, as well as Tongguan in the depth of the first line of Shangzhou, Guo state, Shenzhou, Yuzhou, Song state, Ruzhou, such as tight cloth, layer by layer. This line of defense has been the most thorough defense of the Yellow River in successive dynasties. In the late Jin Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty invaded the south, the main purpose was to obtain strategic supplies such as grain. In the field, the main use of spring raids, concentrated use of cavalry, riding combined, and infantry rotation attack tactics. In the direction of strategy, mainly according to the experience of "Taihe Nanzheng", not to attack large state military-level cities, the targets of the strategy are small and medium-sized state army, county mountain and water villages. Mongolia invaded gold, mainly took the way of weakening the human and material resources of Jin Dynasty to the maximum extent. The Jin Dynasty Rebellion, in the field, developed the attack "Rover", the attack, with the step system riding, enhances the combat endurance and the cavalry to cavalry and so on many kinds of combat methods, to give the Mongolian army certain attack. Little success has been achieved in defending the city. Hebei, Hedong region, mainly facing Mongolian cavalry and the Han Dynasty Hou, the use of water and shanzhai, the use of harassment and anti-harassment operations. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, there appeared a large number of loyal and righteous martyrs, which basically covered the various nationalities and classes under the Jin Dynasty, mainly all kinds of vested interests, especially the Rebellion. At the same time, in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the loyalty and righteousness groups in the late Jin Dynasty were always respected, which did not change until the end of the Qing Dynasty. The Rebellion of the late Jin Dynasty played an important role in history and promoted the change of the political structure of the late Jin Dynasty. At the same time, the Rebellion also promoted the ethnic integration in the late Jin Dynasty to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：E291;K246.4

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