本文選題：秦末起義 + 平民��； 參考：《史學月刊》2017年02期

【摘要】：秦末戰(zhàn)爭為農(nóng)民起義的說法,值得商榷。司馬遷在《史記》中明確指出:"王跡之興,起于閭巷。"考諸秦末起義各路豪杰,其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)群體大多是來自城市中的中下層平民,而非農(nóng)民,即使是陳勝也非農(nóng)民。秦末起義的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)群體之所以"起于閭巷",是與先秦時期城市的發(fā)展,城市社會結(jié)構(gòu)的變化有著直接關(guān)系的。春秋戰(zhàn)國至秦,隨著城市經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展以及政治上的禮崩樂壞,城市的數(shù)量、規(guī)模以及功能性質(zhì)都發(fā)生了變遷。城市社會也發(fā)生了巨大的變遷,士成為城市社會中的重要力量,商人在社會生活中扮演著日益重要的角色,城市下層社會的各色平民也在城市的政治生活中嶄露頭角。秦朝統(tǒng)一后,加強了對城市社會的控制,也激化了社會矛盾,導(dǎo)致秦末起義的爆發(fā)和秦朝政權(quán)的速亡。秦末起義是一場發(fā)生在城市社會中以反抗暴政為號召的權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)移戰(zhàn)爭,改變了夏、商、周權(quán)力更替的模式,開啟了"平民"可以建立王朝的時代。
[Abstract]:The end of Qin Dynasty war for peasant uprisings, worthy of discussion. In the Records of History, Si Maqian makes it clear that "the king rises in alleys." In the late Qin Dynasty, most of the leaders came from the middle and lower class of the city, not the peasants. Even Chen Sheng was not a peasant. The leading group of the uprisings in the late Qin Dynasty "originated from the alley", which is directly related to the development of the city and the change of the social structure of the city in the pre-Qin period. From the Spring and Autumn period to the Qin Dynasty, with the development of urban economy and the failure of politics, the number, scale and function of cities have changed. Great changes have taken place in urban society, scholars have become an important force in urban society, businessmen have played an increasingly important role in social life, and various kinds of civilians in urban lower society have also emerged in the political life of cities. After the unification of Qin Dynasty, it strengthened the control of the urban society and intensified the social contradictions, which led to the outbreak of uprisings in the late Qin Dynasty and the rapid fall of the Qin regime. The uprising in the late Qin Dynasty was a power transfer war called for resistance to tyranny in the urban society, which changed the mode of power change in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and opened the era in which "civilians" could establish a dynasty.
【作者單位】： 四川大學城市史研究所;四川大學城市史研究所博士后工作站;
【基金】：國家哲學社會科學“十二五”規(guī)劃重點項目“中國城市通史編纂”(12AZD083)
【分類號】：K233

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