發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-28 15:33

  本文選題：海盜 + 生態(tài)環(huán)境��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 乾隆末年,在各種因素的促動(dòng)下,清廷有效控制海洋的時(shí)代宣告結(jié)束。沿海零星的海盜小幫逐漸結(jié)成了有組織的大股匪幫,小打小鬧的搶劫活動(dòng)演變?yōu)楹１I與水師的直接沖突。海盜活動(dòng)不斷升級,發(fā)展成威脅王朝統(tǒng)治安全的“大事件”。 地處東南沿海中心位置的浙江,海盜活動(dòng)尤為猖獗。本地土盜、福建洋盜與越南夷盜三股勢力相繼侵?jǐn)_,對清廷的海疆安全和沿海社會造成了很大影響。清廷前后花費(fèi)十余年時(shí)間才最終得以平定�；肌Ｕ憬１I突然爆發(fā)的原因何在,海盜通過哪種方式維持群體的生存并擴(kuò)張自己的勢力,這是本文所要關(guān)注的主要問題。 作為邊緣群體,海盜的活動(dòng)與水上世界的生活節(jié)律是一致的。一方面從事海盜活動(dòng)是特殊的生態(tài)環(huán)境下群體生存的理性選擇,另一方面也是地域社會對外部變動(dòng)回應(yīng)和互動(dòng)的結(jié)果,諸如人口壓力、戰(zhàn)亂災(zāi)害、歷史記憶等因素。因此,有必要截取較長時(shí)段,從生態(tài)學(xué)的角度加以考察。而海盜的生存與發(fā)展同樣也無法擺脫水上世界的種種束縛。水上世界中的漁民水手、水師海盜同處于一個(gè)復(fù)雜的關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)之中,并保持著動(dòng)態(tài)的平衡狀態(tài)。各種群體既相互競爭,又相互依存。海盜正是借助于這一網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)維持著自身的生存,擴(kuò)張群體的實(shí)力。 臺灣林爽文起義的爆發(fā),打破了水上世界的平衡,浙江水師奉調(diào)入臺與越南海盜的進(jìn)入,使得海上群體的實(shí)力對比出現(xiàn)了戲劇性的突變,造成了乾嘉時(shí)期海盜蜂起的場景。為應(yīng)對危機(jī),清廷調(diào)整海防政策,以積極的海戰(zhàn)政策介入水上世界的關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò),并重新恢復(fù)了對海洋的掌控。但這也是清王朝最后一次重整水上世界的努力。隨著西方勢力的進(jìn)入和海上貿(mào)易形態(tài)的變化,水上世界再次陷入混亂,海盜活動(dòng)呈現(xiàn)出新的特征,并一直延續(xù)到十九世紀(jì)的上半期。
[Abstract]:In the late years of Qianlong, the era of effective control of the sea by the Qing court came to an end. Small bands of pirates along the coast have gradually formed large organized gangs, and petty robberies have evolved into direct clashes between pirates and watermen. Piracy has escalated into a major threat to the security of dynastic rule. Located in the southeast coastal center of Zhejiang Province, piracy is particularly rampant. The three forces of local theft, Fujian foreign theft and Vietnamese foreign theft invaded one after another, which had a great impact on the security of the Qing court and the coastal society. It took more than a decade before and after the Qing court to settle the sea. What is the reason of the sudden outbreak of pirates in Zhejiang Province, which means the pirates to maintain the survival of the group and expand their own power, which is the main problem this paper should pay attention to. As a marginal group, the activities of pirates are consistent with the rhythm of life in the world of water. On the one hand, piracy is a rational choice for the survival of groups in a special ecological environment, on the other hand, it is also the result of the response and interaction of regional society to external changes, such as population pressure, war disasters, historical memory and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to intercept a long period of time, from the ecological point of view to investigate. And the survival and development of pirates can not escape the shackles of the world on the water. The fishermen, sailors and pirates of the world of water are in a complex network of relationships and maintain a dynamic equilibrium. Various groups compete and depend on each other. Pirate is with the help of this network system to maintain their own survival, expand the strength of the community. The outbreak of Lin Tsang-wen uprising in Taiwan broke the balance of the world on the water. Zhejiang Water Division sent in Taiwan and Vietnamese pirates to enter, which caused dramatic changes in the strength of the sea group, resulting in the scene of the rise of pirates in Qianjia period. In order to cope with the crisis, the Qing government adjusted its coastal defense policy, intervened in the relationship network of the aquatic world with active naval warfare policy, and restored its control of the sea. But this is also the Qing Dynasty's last efforts to reorganize the world on the water. With the entry of Western forces and the changes of maritime trade patterns, the world on the water once again fell into chaos, and piracy took on new characteristics, which continued until the first half of the nineteenth century.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K249

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 白斌;明清浙江海洋漁業(yè)與制度變遷[D];上海師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1815862