本文選題：秦漢 + 鄉(xiāng)亭��； 參考：《歷史研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：秦漢文獻(xiàn)中的"十里一亭""十亭一鄉(xiāng)",是真實(shí)存在的制度設(shè)計(jì)。亭的設(shè)置原則一是不能遠(yuǎn)離聚落,二是不能脫離交通。郵亭主要設(shè)置于京師與郡國、郡國與縣邑的主要交通沿線,鄉(xiāng)亭主要設(shè)置于聚落附近和郡國轄域的次級交通道路。鄉(xiāng)亭、郵亭的轄區(qū)稱"亭部",隨著亭部人口的增長和耕墾的需要逐漸形成新的聚落,此即長沙五一廣場東漢簡牘和三國吳簡中的"丘"。新的聚落稱"丘"而不稱"里",說明"丘"是按地域命名的,而非鄉(xiāng)里行政組織。丘的形成既有邑居之民外遷的路徑,更有移民在國家賦民草田、賦民丘地等安置政策下通過"占墾"而聚居的渠道。隨著東漢地方管理體制的變動(dòng),亭部開始對轄域內(nèi)散居的聚或丘行使鄉(xiāng)部治權(quán),出現(xiàn)亭部—丘的隸屬關(guān)系。亭部退出歷史舞臺(tái)后,丘劃歸所在鄉(xiāng)或另設(shè)鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一管理,形成鄉(xiāng)—里、鄉(xiāng)—丘不同的管理體系。秦漢以來以聯(lián)戶為目的的鄉(xiāng)里組織在聚與丘的浪潮下逐漸松動(dòng),聚落逐漸演變?yōu)榈赜騿挝?表明國家對丘的管理已經(jīng)放棄了以"里"為基礎(chǔ)的鄉(xiāng)里編制和多重監(jiān)管的傳統(tǒng)。鄉(xiāng)里行政編制雖然猶存,但廣大鄉(xiāng)村行政權(quán)力弱化的歷程已經(jīng)開始。
[Abstract]:In the literature of Qin and Han dynasties, "ten li one pavilion" "ten pavilions and one township" is a real system design. The setting principle of pavilion is that one can not be away from settlement, and the other is that it cannot be separated from traffic. The postal kiosk is mainly set up along the main traffic lines between the capital and the county, the county and the county, and the rural kiosk is mainly located near the settlement and the sub-traffic road in the county area. Rural pavilion, the district of postal kiosk is called "Pavilion", with the increase of population and the need of cultivation and reclamation, a new settlement is gradually formed, that is, Changsha Wuyi Square, Eastern Han Dynasty bamboo slips and "Qiu" in the three Kingdoms Wu Bamboo slips. The new settlement was called "Hill" rather than "Li", indicating that Qiu was named by region, not by rural administrative organization. The formation of Qiu has not only the path of emigration, but also the channel of settlement through the policy of "occupation and reclamation". With the change of the local management system in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Pavilion began to exercise the administrative power of the rural ministry over the scattered living in the Central Government area, and the subordinate relationship between the Pavilion and the Qiu appeared. After the pavilion withdrew from the historical stage, Qiu was assigned to the township or set up a unified management of the township, forming a different management system between the township and the hill. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the rural organizations for the purpose of linking households have gradually loosened under the tide of gathering and hilly, and the settlements have gradually evolved into regional units, indicating that the management of Qiu has abandoned the tradition of "Li" based rural establishment and multiple supervision. Although rural administrative system still exists, the course of weakening of rural administrative power has already begun.
【作者單位】： 東北師范大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院;
【基金】：2013年國家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“秦漢庶民社會(huì)管理模式新論”(13BZS023)的階段性研究成果
【分類號】：K232

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