本文選題：東漢 + 監(jiān)軍��； 參考：《江西師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：東漢時，監(jiān)軍大致分為常設監(jiān)軍和臨時差遣監(jiān)軍兩種類型，常設監(jiān)軍主要包括護軍、部郡國從事、監(jiān)黎陽營謁者、北軍中候、使匈奴中郎將等，臨時差遣監(jiān)軍有監(jiān)軍使者與將軍兩種身份。其中尤以監(jiān)軍使者的地位突出，監(jiān)軍使者主要有四種：大夫、御史、謁者和中郎將，后三者監(jiān)軍為東漢監(jiān)軍制度的主要形式。此時，不但中央直轄軍主力、地方州郡兵、營兵和軍屯兵均設有監(jiān)軍，且歸附漢朝的南匈奴軍也概莫能外，置使匈奴中郎將監(jiān)護其眾。 東漢監(jiān)軍制度從光武帝時的確立到殤帝時的轉折，最后到靈帝中平時的瓦解，經歷了三個不同階段，每個階段的形成都有各自的原因。第一階段監(jiān)軍使者主導地位的確立與當時的歷史背景關系密切。第二階段監(jiān)督對象由第一階段的主監(jiān)將領轉變?yōu)橹鞫街菘�，原因是安帝即位后各地起義不斷，且范圍擴大，州郡常募兵鎮(zhèn)壓，軍事力量增加，特別是州刺史兵權的擴張，加之所募之兵時有反叛，朝廷不得不加以防范，從而使監(jiān)督對象發(fā)生轉變。第三階段監(jiān)軍制度在中央直轄軍窳敗、家兵興起的軍事背景和黃巾起義爆發(fā)的大浪潮下崩潰，原因有三：其一、黃巾起義爆發(fā)面廣，，事發(fā)倉促，州郡失據(jù)，多數(shù)地方朝廷尚無機會派遣監(jiān)軍；其二、起義爆發(fā)后，東漢朝廷所招募鎮(zhèn)壓之兵的私家化，使監(jiān)軍失去國家軍隊的支撐；其三、中郎將監(jiān)軍權力的擴大及其軍職化最終瓦解了監(jiān)軍制度。 東漢時期，監(jiān)軍制度有其固有的鮮明特點，主要表現(xiàn)為：監(jiān)軍使者在監(jiān)軍中占據(jù)主導地位；不同的監(jiān)軍人員監(jiān)軍有著較為明確的分工；不同的監(jiān)軍人員因身份的高低在執(zhí)行監(jiān)軍任務時擁有不同的地位與權力；監(jiān)軍除執(zhí)行監(jiān)督權外，并擁有領兵權。東漢監(jiān)軍制度的強化體現(xiàn)了軍權的集中，對防止武將及地方長官專兵有著積極作用。但東漢后期濫用監(jiān)軍的弊端亦顯而易見，對后來歷朝監(jiān)軍制度的影響匪淺，特別是宦官監(jiān)軍，東漢可謂始作俑者。
[Abstract]:In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the armed forces were roughly divided into two types: the permanent and temporary dispatch of the armed forces, which mainly included the guarding army, the ministry of prefectures, the prison of Li Yang camp, the waiting in the northern army, and the general of the Xiongnu army, and so on. The temporary dispatch of the armed forces had two kinds of identities: the emissary of the army and the general. Especially in the position of the emissaries of the military, there are mainly four kinds of emissaries: doctor, imperial history, audience and general, the latter three are the main form of the system of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At this time, not only the main forces directly under the central jurisdiction, local state soldiers, battalion troops and military troops, and the South Xiongnu troops attached to the Han Dynasty are also able to set up the Xiongnu Zhong Lang will monitor their people. From the establishment of Emperor Guangwu to the turning point of Emperor Li in the Eastern Han Dynasty, to the collapse of Emperor Lingdi in peacetime, it went through three different stages, and the formation of each stage had its own reasons. The establishment of the leading position of the military emissaries in the first stage was closely related to the historical background at that time. In the second stage, the object of supervision was changed from the chief general of the first stage to the chief governor of the state county. The reason was that after Andi took over the throne, the local uprisings continued and the scope expanded, the state county often recruited troops to suppress, the military force increased, especially the expansion of the power of the state troops in the history of the thorns. In addition, the soldiers were sometimes rebellious, the court had to guard against, so that the object of supervision changed. The third stage of the military supervision system collapsed under the central army under its direct jurisdiction, the military background of the rise of the family soldiers and the great wave of the Yellow towel uprising. There were three reasons: first, the Yellow towel uprising broke out widely, the incident was hasty, and the state county lost its proof. Most local courts have not yet had a chance to send military supervisors; second, after the outbreak of the uprising, the Eastern Han Dynasty court recruited repressive soldiers private, so that the armed forces lost the support of the national army; third, The expansion of the military's power and its military duties eventually broke down the system. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the system of military supervision had its own distinctive characteristics, mainly as follows: the emissaries of the armed forces occupied a dominant position in the armed forces, the different members of the armed forces had a clear division of labor; Because of their high and low status, different members of the military have different positions and powers in carrying out the tasks of the military, and in addition to the right of supervision, they also have the right to lead the army. The strengthening of the military supervision system in the Eastern Han Dynasty embodied the concentration of military power and played a positive role in preventing the armed generals and local officers. However, the abuse of the armed forces in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was also obvious. It had a great influence on the system of military supervision in the later dynasties, especially the eunuchs, which was the initiator of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：江西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K234;E291

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 黃今言;東漢中央直轄軍的改革[J];安徽史學;1996年02期

2 陳琳國;曹魏都督制的淵源和定型──兼論中央和地方的關系[J];北京師范大學學報(社會科學版);1996年05期

3 楊永俊;略論漢代隴右地方勢力的興起及其與羌胡的關系[J];敦煌學輯刊;2000年02期

4 方建春,曹鳳琴;春秋戰(zhàn)國時期幕府制度的起源[J];固原師專學報;2004年04期

5 孫作云;說豳在西周時代為北方軍事重鎮(zhèn)—兼論軍監(jiān)[J];河南師大學報(社會科學版);1983年01期

6 吳海燕,范志軍;兩漢“風俗使”演變及職能初探[J];河南師范大學學報(哲學社會科學版);2002年03期

7 趙沛;;試論漢唐宦官典掌軍職的演進特點[J];河南師范大學學報(哲學社會科學版);2006年01期

8 陶新華;魏晉南朝的軍師、軍司、軍副——軍府職官辨析[J];杭州師范學院學報(社會科學版);2000年04期

9 季德源;中國歷史上的監(jiān)軍制度[J];軍事歷史研究;1994年01期

10 黃今言;;漢代軍法論略[J];江西師范大學學報;1990年04期

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 郭利;論東漢的私家武裝[D];江西師范大學;2006年

2 申遠;漢代中郎將研究[D];湘潭大學;2008年

本文編號：1779173