發(fā)布時間：2018-04-19 19:16

  本文選題：北宋 + 治蜀��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：北宋時期的蜀地包括四個路,即成都府路、夔州路、梓州路和利州路,該四路和今天的重慶、四川兩地在地域上大部分契合,當(dāng)然也包括今陜西漢中和隴南的部分地區(qū),作為王朝的邊陲之地,它西接吐蕃,南接南詔,北臨西夏,戰(zhàn)略地位極為重要。蜀地有著得天獨厚的自然條件,北隔秦嶺大山,西接橫斷山區(qū),南亙云貴高原,東阻巴山夔門,形成一個天然的大盆地。該地區(qū)物產(chǎn)富饒,人民殷實,它的安定與否,直接和王朝的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展息息相關(guān)。北宋政府在治蜀方面制定了許多特別而又有針對性的蜀地政策,以期能達(dá)到對該地區(qū)的最佳治理效果,從而實現(xiàn)王朝利益的最大化。 本文從下面五個方面來論述政府的治蜀策略和思想： 第一章,介紹中央政府對蜀地的政治策略。官員的銓選方式和對腐敗吏治的懲治是本章的兩個重點。政府對入蜀主政官的銓選極為重視,慎之又慎,所選主政官都是皇帝的心腹重臣,還�！拔灾乇�,許以“便宜行事”之權(quán)。蜀地重要的地方官員不能由本地人為之,這主要是出于對安全的考慮,政府要防患于未然,后來隨著安全情況的漸趨好轉(zhuǎn),政策有所松動,但外地官員主政的局面并沒有改變。而在吏治、司法還有其它方面的治理上,都同樣體現(xiàn)了政府的防范思想。 第二章,介紹治蜀的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。北宋政府存在眾所周知的“三冗”問題,財政緊張就是其中之一。龐大的政府要正常運轉(zhuǎn),需要大量的錢財物資來支持,富庶的巴蜀被迫承擔(dān)起了這個重任。歷屆官員們以此為要務(wù),在維護(hù)該地區(qū)穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)上,不遺余力的為中央政府收集著錢財。該舉措可謂一舉兩得,即解決了王朝的財政所需,又從經(jīng)濟(jì)上削弱了巴蜀地方政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)實力,從而減少了動亂之因,更好的維護(hù)了該地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定。這一政策持續(xù)到北宋滅亡也沒有改變過。 第三章,介紹對蜀地的教化。政府在蜀地的教化措施主要從兩個方面來進(jìn)行,一個是改變落后的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣,另一個是大力發(fā)展該地區(qū)的教育。政府迫切希望能通過多種措施,提高人民的文化素養(yǎng),進(jìn)而維護(hù)該地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定。 第四章,介紹對蜀地的軍事控制。北宋政府對蜀地的軍事控制非常成功,這得益于他非常特別的軍事部署,就是貫以執(zhí)行的‘弱內(nèi)強外’政策,在蜀地內(nèi)部駐扎少量軍隊,而在周邊的地區(qū),如荊門軍、秦鳳路等地駐扎重軍,一有情況,就迅速入川。這種帶有遏制色彩的軍事部署,效果十分明顯。 第五章,對北宋治蜀的思想和中央與地方的互動關(guān)系做一個簡單的歸納。其治理的思想主要是以輔以教化的強勢態(tài)度為治理的主線,而中央政府和地方政府的關(guān)系是分權(quán)與制衡的關(guān)系。北宋王朝審時度勢,隨時調(diào)整中央和地方的關(guān)系,從而維護(hù)了該地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:Shu in the Northern Song Dynasty included four roads, namely, Chengdu Fu Lu, Kuizhou Road, Zi Zhou Road and Lizhou Road. These four roads were in most geographical agreement with Chongqing and Sichuan today, and of course also included parts of Hanzhong and Longnan in Shaanxi today. As the frontier of the dynasty, it is bounded by Tubo in the west, Nanzhao in the south and Xixia in the north, so its strategic position is extremely important. Shudi has unique natural conditions, north of Qinling mountain, west of Hengduan mountain area, south everlasting cloud Guizhou plateau, east blocking Bashan Kuimen, forming a natural large basin. The region is rich in products and rich in people, and its stability is directly related to the stability and development of the dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty government formulated many special and targeted Shu policies in order to achieve the best governance effect of the region and to maximize the interests of the dynasty. This paper discusses the government's strategy and thought of managing Shu from the following five aspects: The first chapter introduces the political strategy of the central government to Shu. The ways of selecting officials and punishing corrupt officials are the two emphases of this chapter. The government attaches great importance to the election of government officials who enter Shu, and is extremely cautious. They are the most important officials of the emperor, and often "handle the matter" and exercise the right to "act cheaply". The important local officials in Shushu can not be done by the local people. This is mainly out of the consideration of safety. The government should prevent trouble in the first place. Later, as the security situation gradually improved, the policy was somewhat relaxed, but the situation of local officials in the field had not changed. And in the administration of officials, the judiciary and other aspects of governance, the same reflects the government's ideas of prevention. The second chapter introduces the economic policy of Shu. The Northern Song Dynasty government has known the "three redundancy" problem, the financial strain is one of them. A large government needed a lot of money to support it, and the rich Bashu was forced to take on the task. Officials have made it a priority to collect money for the central government on the basis of stability in the region. This measure can be said to kill two birds with one stone, that is, to solve the financial needs of the dynasty, but also to weaken the economic strength of the Bashu local government, thus reducing the cause of unrest and better maintaining the stability of the region. This policy lasted until the death of the Northern Song Dynasty has not changed. The third chapter introduces the enlightenment of Shu. The educational measures of the government in Shu are mainly carried out from two aspects, one is to change the backward customs and habits, the other is to develop the education in this area. The government is eager to improve cultural literacy and maintain stability in the region through a variety of measures. The fourth chapter introduces the military control of Shuji. The Northern Song government's military control over Shu was very successful, thanks to its very special military deployment, namely, the implementation of the "weak internal and external" policy, in which a small number of troops were stationed within the Shu, while in the surrounding areas, such as the Jingmen Army, Qinfeng Road and other places stationed heavy troops, as soon as there is a situation, quickly into Sichuan. This kind of military deployment with the color of containment, the effect is very obvious. Chapter five summarizes the thought of ruling Shu in Northern Song Dynasty and the interaction between central and local government. The main idea of its governance is that it is supported by the strong attitude of enlightenment, while the relationship between the central government and the local government is the relationship between separation of powers and checks and balances. The Northern Song Dynasty judged the situation and adjusted the relationship between central and local government at any time, thus maintaining the stability of the region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K244

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