本文選題：春秋戰(zhàn)國 + 官商�。� 參考：《蘭州大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國的商人出現(xiàn)很早,有商、賈、商賈等稱謂,不同的名稱揭示了商人不同的經(jīng)營方式。西周時,在“工商食官”制的約束下,官商并不像現(xiàn)在所說的亦官亦商,他們也處在官府的控制之下,主要是滿足官府的生活需要,充當官府的采購員,有時參與一些政治和外交事務(wù)。 春秋時期私商作為一個獨立的階層開始興起,商人的社會地位明顯提高,開始參軍參政,涌現(xiàn)出諸如范蠡、子貢這樣的杰出人物,在這一時期的社會發(fā)展中起了重要的作用。戰(zhàn)國時期各國的聯(lián)系日益密切,私商的分布地域更加廣闊,商人勢力的迅速增長影響到各國的發(fā)展,東方六國基本采取了比較寬松的商業(yè)政策,秦國則把商人看作一種流動的社會力量,認為任其發(fā)展就會破壞農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),導致國家滅亡,于是采取了重農(nóng)抑商的政策。 春秋戰(zhàn)國時期是中國古代社會的重要轉(zhuǎn)型期,商人在這一過程中起了重要作用。因此,探討春秋戰(zhàn)國時期商人地位的變化,對揭示春秋時期“重禮義”戰(zhàn)國時代“尚功利”的社會特征具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Merchants in our country appeared very early, such as merchants, Jia, merchants and so on. Different names revealed different ways of business operation.In the Western Zhou Dynasty, under the restraint of the "Industrial and Commercial officials" system, the government and merchants were not under the control of the government, as they are now called, and they were mainly under the control of the government, mainly to meet the needs of the government and to act as purchasers for the government.Sometimes involved in political and foreign affairs.During the Spring and Autumn period, private merchants, as an independent stratum, began to rise, and their social status improved obviously. They began to join the army and participate in politics, and such outstanding figures as Fan Li and Zigong emerged, which played an important role in the social development of this period.During the warring States period, the relationship between various countries became increasingly close, the distribution of private business was wider, and the rapid growth of the power of businessmen affected the development of various countries. The six countries of the East basically adopted relatively loose commercial policies.Qin regarded merchants as a floating social force, thought that its development would destroy agricultural production and lead to the national destruction, so it adopted the policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce.The Spring and Autumn and warring States period was an important transition period of ancient Chinese society, in which merchants played an important role.Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the changes of merchant status in the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period, to reveal the social characteristics of "still utilitarian" in the Spring and Autumn period "emphasizing propriety and righteousness" and "still utilitarian" in the warring States period.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K225;K231

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