本文選題：遼代 + 墓葬制度　； 參考：《南開大學》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：遼代是由契丹族建立起來的中國古代北方少數民族政權，大體與中原五代與北宋時期相當，并長期與北宋政權并立。隨著契丹與漢人的接觸日益密切，尤其是“以國制治契丹，以漢制待漢人”政策出臺后，遼代便開始了二元政治體制建設。遼代喪葬制度具體有濃郁的民族特點和地域特征，兼具多樣化與民族化的雙重特點，是中國古代傳統(tǒng)禮俗文化的重要組成部分。 喪葬制度理應包括“喪”和“葬”兩部分，但從目前學術研究情況來看，研究者對于遼代墓葬制度（“葬”）的研究與重視程度遠遠大于喪葬禮俗（“喪”），遼代喪葬制度研究的系統(tǒng)性與全面性略顯欠缺。基于此種狀況，本文選取遼代貴族喪葬制度作為研究對象，并希望成為研究中國古代喪葬制度的有益補充。 本文的特色之一，就是以墓志、碑刻等石刻資料為主要突破口，運用考古學與文獻學互證的二重考據法，結合民俗學、風水理論和歷史學研究成果，對遼代貴族喪葬制度進行全面的歸納與提煉，進而得出較為科學的結論。 通過系統(tǒng)梳理遼代帝陵發(fā)現過程與研究現狀，本文以目前研究與考古工作較為充分的祖陵和慶陵為中心，總結與歸納了遼代陵寢制度的特征與特點，認為遼代陵寢制度在因襲唐陵舊制，借鑒宋陵卜選中的堪輿因素之外，在皇陵附近單辟一州專司守陵，具備健全、完備的皇陵管理機構，契丹皇帝將死后魂歸之處選在所祭大山的做法，不僅對其他北方少數民族政權尤其是金代陵寢制度產生重大影響，而且成為明代“陵山之祭”的濫觴，為豐富中國古代陵寢制度作出了巨大貢獻。 在墓葬制度研究方面，論文以長城為界，將發(fā)現于內蒙古、遼寧、北京、山西和河北等地的遼代墓葬分為南、北兩區(qū)，并結合墓主人的族屬，將遼代貴族墓葬劃分為早、中、晚三期七段，，進而從墓葬形制、隨葬品、壁飾和葬具四個方面，論述了遼代墓葬制度的發(fā)展與演變軌跡，并對貴族墓葬制度中的創(chuàng)新因素進行了討論。 基于史料和石刻資料中對于遼代喪葬禮俗的記載，論文認為契丹族在其發(fā)展壯大過程中，尤其是政權建立后，在漢文化的影響下喪葬禮俗日趨完備，同時也能兼固本民族的傳統(tǒng)禮俗，這是多元文化整合的結果。論文對于遼代貴族喪葬制度中的民族融合因素，及其在促進中華民族多元一體格局形成過程中的作用也進行了充分的討論。 遼文化以其鮮明的地域特色和民族特征，在十至十一世紀的古代中國熠熠生輝，足可以與宋文化平分秋色。以往對于遼文化只是一筆帶過或是以宋文化為主體、遼文化為補充與點綴的認知，未免偏頗，對于遼文化的深入研究仍有較大空間。
[Abstract]:Liao Dynasty was established by the Qidan ethnic minority regime in ancient China. It was roughly equal to the five dynasties of the Central Plains and the Northern Song Dynasty and had been standing side by side with the regime of the Northern Song Dynasty for a long time.With the increasingly close contact between Qidan and the Han people, especially after the policy of "treating Khitan with the Chinese system and waiting for the Han people in the Han Dynasty", the Liao Dynasty began to build a dual political system.The funeral system of Liao Dynasty has rich national and regional characteristics and dual characteristics of diversification and nationalization. It is an important part of Chinese traditional culture of rites and customs.The funeral system should consist of "funeral" and "burial", but from the current situation of academic research,The researchers pay much more attention to the burial system in Liao Dynasty than the funeral rites and customs ("mourning"), and lack of systematicness and comprehensiveness in the study of funeral system in Liao Dynasty.Based on this situation, this paper chooses the aristocratic funeral system of Liao Dynasty as the object of study, and hopes to be a useful supplement to the study of ancient Chinese funeral system.One of the features of this paper is that the main breakthrough is the epitaphs, inscriptions and other stone inscriptions, the use of double textual research of archaeology and philology, combined with folklore, geomantic theory and historical research results.This paper summarizes and refines the system of aristocratic funeral in Liao Dynasty, and then draws a scientific conclusion.By systematically combing the discovery process and current situation of imperial mausoleum in Liao Dynasty, this paper summarizes and summarizes the characteristics and characteristics of the mausoleum system in Liao Dynasty, focusing on the ancestral mausoleum and Qingling, which are more fully studied and archaeological work at present.It is considered that in the Liao Dynasty the mausoleum system was inherited from the old system of the Tang Tombs and drew lessons from the historical and geographical factors selected by the Song Mausoleum, and a special state was set up near the Emperor's Mausoleum to guard the mausoleum, with a sound and complete imperial mausoleum management organization.The practice of Emperor Qidan choosing the place where he died to sacrifice the mountain not only had a great impact on other northern minority regimes, especially the mausoleum system of the Jin Dynasty, but also became the origin of the "sacrifice of the Mausoleum" in the Ming Dynasty.In order to enrich the ancient Chinese mausoleum system made great contributions.In the study of tomb system, the paper divides the Liao Dynasty tombs found in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Beijing, Shanxi and Hebei into two regions, north and south, and divides the tomb of the Liao Dynasty into early and middle.This paper discusses the development and evolution of the tomb system of the Liao Dynasty from four aspects: the burial form, the funeral objects, the wall ornaments and the burial utensils, and discusses the innovative factors in the aristocratic burial system.Based on the records of funeral rites and customs in Liao Dynasty in historical materials and stone inscriptions, the paper holds that the Qidan nationality is becoming more and more complete in the process of its development and expansion, especially after the establishment of political power, under the influence of Han culture.At the same time, it can also strengthen the traditional customs of the nation, which is the result of multi-cultural integration.The paper also discusses the factors of national integration in the funeral system of the aristocrats in Liao Dynasty and its role in the formation of the pluralistic structure of the Chinese nation.Liao culture, with its distinctive regional and national characteristics, shone in ancient China in the tenth and eleventh centuries, and could be equated with Song culture.In the past, the cognition of Liao culture as supplement and embellishment is rather biased, and there is still much room for further study of Liao culture.
【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K892.22;K246.1

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本文編號：1754673