本文選題：明代　切入點(diǎn)：白糧　出處：《社會(huì)科學(xué)輯刊》2017年04期

【摘要】：白糧具有"任土作貢"的性質(zhì),北運(yùn)白糧則是明代重役的代表。起初,江南五府距京城路途較近,明廷又以糧長制作為組織形式僉征大戶承擔(dān)重役,并未危及小民。但隨著朱棣遷都,京城與五府間轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)空間距離變長,白糧重役規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)充。運(yùn)輸距離的激增致使運(yùn)輸白糧的地方應(yīng)役人戶所附帶的財(cái)政責(zé)任被不斷追加。由于大戶多逃避白糧役并將其轉(zhuǎn)嫁于小民,加之各種逃避賦役形式迭起,明廷采取措施抑制世充糧長在地方上勢力的進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展,即廢除有關(guān)糧長專業(yè)人戶并褫奪他們常年把持的白糧等重役的僉點(diǎn)科派之權(quán)。明中期開始白糧又以"戶"的形式輪充與朋充,以政令的形式使這種重役由專門針對大戶的負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?里甲"全體人戶共同負(fù)擔(dān),可以說明代北運(yùn)白糧重役征收方式發(fā)生了根本的變化。
[Abstract]:White grain had the nature of "serving as tribute as a tribute to the earth", and transporting white grain to the north was the representative of heavy service in the Ming Dynasty. At first, the five prefectures in the south of the Yangtze River were closer to the capital, and the Ming government took the grain production as an organization to take on heavy labor. It didn't endanger Xiao Min. But as Zhu Di moved the capital, the distance between the city and the five governments became longer. The increase in the transportation distance resulted in an increase in the financial responsibilities attached to the families of local servant-holders who transported white grain. As the large households fled the white grain servitude and passed it on to the small people, the various forms of evading taxes were superseded. The Ming government took measures to curb the further expansion of the local power of the grain leaders in Shichong. That is, to abolish the legitimate rights of the families of grain managers and professionals and to deprive them of the heavy duty of "white grain", which they have held for many years. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, white grain has been filled with friends in the form of "households". In the form of government order, the heavy servitude was changed from the burden for large households to the common burden for all people in "Lijia". It can be said that the pattern of heavy duty collection of white grain transported to the north of Ming Dynasty has undergone a fundamental change.
【作者單位】： 遼寧社會(huì)科學(xué)院文化學(xué)研究所;
【分類號】：K248

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本文編號：1696227