本文選題：遼　切入點：北宋　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：自北魏以來，契丹民族第一次出現(xiàn)在正史中，開始在遼河上游一帶活動，到唐末建立了強(qiáng)大的部落聯(lián)盟。公元907年，唐滅亡，耶律阿保機(jī)建立契丹國，后改稱遼，統(tǒng)治中國北方，與后來的北宋形成南北對峙的局面。遼末，女真族起事，遼帝國迅速走向滅亡，公元1125年為金所滅，其余部建立了西遼王國，延續(xù)了93年。契丹王朝雄踞中國北方200多年，不僅是因為契丹族的能征善戰(zhàn)，，更有其靈活的外交策略。耶律阿保機(jī)建國后，對內(nèi)實行了“以國制治契丹，以漢制待漢人”因俗而治的政治上多元化的統(tǒng)治方法，對外也采取了各種有效的外交手段，遼朝在對外交往的集中表現(xiàn)就是它的對外遣使。遼王朝在北宋還沒有結(jié)束五代十國的混亂局面時，就已經(jīng)開始對中原各國遣使。北宋的建立，使遼王朝外交政策的重點轉(zhuǎn)移，其對外遣使開始以北宋為主，因為當(dāng)時真正能與遼國相抗衡的只有北宋王朝，與北宋關(guān)系處理的如何直接關(guān)系到自身的存在，與此同時又圍繞著這個重點開展對西夏女真朝鮮等國家或民族的外交遣使。歷史證明，面對中原政局的變化和東亞局勢的演變，契丹十分關(guān)注并非常敏感，不斷的隨機(jī)應(yīng)變，適時靈活的調(diào)整對外遣使，使之成為一種審時度勢，因勢利導(dǎo)，靈活善變，剛?cè)嵯酀?jì)，進(jìn)而保全和發(fā)展自身利益的國家政策。正因如此，遼王朝才得以在當(dāng)時東亞復(fù)雜多變的形勢下，保全了自己，并在最大的程度上爭取了更多的自身實際利益，還能依據(jù)自身的地位和條件，在東亞歷史舞臺上縱橫裨闔，發(fā)揮了重要的作用和影響。 本文內(nèi)容分為三大部分：第一部分為遼朝對外遣使的使職類型。主要有“常使”，諸如冊封使、賀正旦使、賀生辰使等；還有“泛使”，諸如撫諭使、詰問使、談判使等。第二部分為遼朝對外遣使的國家及其遣使過程。主要論述了遼朝對五代十國部分政權(quán)、北宋、高麗、西夏以及金國的遣使活動。第三部分為遼朝對外遣使的作用與影響。 本文以馬克思的歷史唯物主義為指導(dǎo)思想，辯證統(tǒng)一的看待歷史事件，尊重客觀史實，尊重前人成果，吸取前人經(jīng)驗，力圖還原歷史真相，在論述遼朝對外遣使的同時，思考古人智慧，希望對當(dāng)今外交方式及手段能有所啟迪，同時關(guān)于遼朝對外遣使的類型，能夠在前人的基礎(chǔ)上更進(jìn)一步。
[Abstract]:Since the Northern Wei Dynasty, Qidan nationality appeared for the first time in the official history, began to operate in the upper reaches of the Liaohe River, and established a strong tribal alliance by the end of Tang Dynasty. In 907 AD, the Tang Dynasty perished, and Yeru Arbor established the Qidan State, which was later renamed the Liao Dynasty. Rule over the north of China, forming a confrontation between the North and the South with the later Northern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Liao Dynasty, when the Nu Zhen nationality began to work, the Liao Empire quickly went to extinction, and in 1125 AD it was destroyed by the Jin Dynasty, and the rest of the Ministry established the Western Liao Kingdom. It continued for 93 years. The Qidan dynasty reigned in northern China for more than 200 years, not only because of the Qidan nationality's ability to fight well, but also because of its flexible diplomatic strategy. Using the Han system to treat the Han people as "political pluralistic ruling methods based on vulgarity", they also adopted various effective diplomatic means to the outside world. The concentrated manifestation of Liao Dynasty's foreign exchanges was its foreign emissary. Before the Liao Dynasty ended the chaotic situation of the five dynasties and ten countries in the Northern Song Dynasty, it had already begun to send envoys to the Central Plains countries. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty made the focus of the Liao Dynasty's foreign policy shift. At that time, the Northern Song Dynasty was the only one that could really compete with the Liao Kingdom. How to deal with the relationship between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty had a direct bearing on their own existence. At the same time, around this emphasis, Qidan has carried out diplomatic missions to countries or nations such as Nu Zhen Korea in the Western Xia Dynasty. History has proved that in the face of the changes in the political situation in the Central Plains and the evolution of the situation in East Asia, Qidan is very concerned and sensitive, and constantly adapts to the situation. The timely and flexible adjustment of the external contingent to make it a state policy that judges the situation, adjusts the situation, is flexible, flexible and flexible, and thus preserves and develops its own interests. The Liao Dynasty was able to preserve itself under the complicated and changeable situation in East Asia at that time, and to the greatest extent to strive for more actual interests of its own, and also to be able to use its position and conditions in the East Asian historical stage. Played an important role and influence. The content of this paper is divided into three parts: the first part is about the types of emissaries in the Liao Dynasty. There are mainly "Chang emissary", such as canonization, he Zhengdan, he Shengchen, and so on; there are also "pan-emissaries", such as imperial emissaries, hecklers, etc. The second part is about the countries and the process of sending foreign emissaries in the Liao Dynasty. It mainly discusses the Liao Dynasty's partial political power over the five dynasties and ten countries, the Northern Song Dynasty and Koryo. The third part is the role and influence of the Liao Dynasty. This article regards Marx's historical materialism as the guiding ideology, dialectically and uniformly treats the historical events, respects the objective historical facts, respects the forefathers' achievements, absorbs the forefathers' experience, tries to restore the historical truth, and at the same time discusses the Liao Dynasty's emissaries to the outside world. Thinking about the wisdom of the ancients, we hope to enlighten the present diplomatic methods and means, and at the same time, about the types of emissaries in the Liao Dynasty, we can go further on the basis of the predecessors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D829;K246.1

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