發(fā)布時間：2018-03-14 08:14

  本文選題：清代　切入點：徽州　出處：《安徽大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：自古以來,孝就是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德,也是中華傳統(tǒng)文化非常重要的組成部分。無論從天子還是到百姓,孝都是人們必須遵守的行為準則和道德規(guī)范。孝文化不僅蘊含在整個中國歷史發(fā)展的長河中,而且還一直深深的影響著中華大地上的每一個區(qū)域。 徽州地處萬山之中,陸路交通不便,少兵燹之虞。中國歷史上,由于中原地區(qū)戰(zhàn)亂,曾出現(xiàn)過三次人口大規(guī)模南遷高潮,中原大族多遷至此,他們聚族而居,繁衍生息,使得徽州逐漸發(fā)展成為一個典型的宗族社會。同時,中原大族以“孝”為核心的儒家傳統(tǒng)文化也深深地根植于徽州地區(qū)。而明清時期,由于外出徽商的發(fā)展與繁榮,使整個徽州社會更加重視孝文化的繼承與發(fā)展,并為徽州孝文化的興盛提供了物質基礎。南宋以來,朱熹思想在徽州地區(qū)的廣泛傳播和影響,則為清代徽州孝文化的興盛起到了積極的推動作用。正是由于徽州地區(qū)特殊的歷史、地理與社會環(huán)境,才使得清代徽州的孝文化呈現(xiàn)出不同于其他地區(qū)的眾多特征清代道光年間的《徽州府志》對一府六縣中孝義人物的事跡進行了大量記載,通過統(tǒng)計可以得出清代徽州孝義人物的數(shù)量巨大,其中受到表彰的人物也占了相對較大的比例,可見清代徽州社會對孝行的極力重視,從而進一步促進了此時徽州孝文化的興盛。作為一個典型的宗族社會,孝文化是宗族文化的核心內容,并且維系著清代徽州宗族的發(fā)展與繁榮,棠樾鮑氏宗族就是一個較為典型的案例。清代歙縣棠樾鮑氏宗族以慈孝聞名于徽州,通過為孝子賢孫修譜立傳,營造牌坊、祠堂等方式對孝道進行大力的宣揚與踐行,促進了孝文化的傳承與發(fā)展。同時,孝文化的發(fā)揚光大,也使得棠樾鮑氏宗族不斷繁榮。明清時期徽州地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了大量外出經(jīng)商的子弟,而他們經(jīng)商的重要原因之一就是“服賈以奉父母”。此外,徽州地區(qū)以“孝”為核心的儒家傳統(tǒng)文化影響深遠,使得徽商在商業(yè)經(jīng)營的過程中逐漸形成了自己的經(jīng)營理念,并在此基礎上繁榮發(fā)展。而徽州子弟在經(jīng)商富裕之后也仍能對宗族和家鄉(xiāng)大行義舉,以盡孝道。孝文化逐漸發(fā)展成為清代徽商的重要標志之一。清代徽商的大量盛行,使得在家中留守的徽州婦女承擔起了孝敬父母,撫養(yǎng)孤兒的重要責任,她們則成為傳承和發(fā)揚孝文化最重要的貢獻者。 具有諸多地方特征的清代徽州孝文化對當時徽州社會的穩(wěn)定、宗族的管理,以及徽商的發(fā)展都起到了積極的推動作用。不僅如此,它對現(xiàn)代基層社會的管理和社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展也有良好的啟示,從而進一步促進了和諧社會的建設。而通過對清代徽州孝文化中糟粕部分的分析和認識,更能對如今社會文化的發(fā)展起到借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, filial piety has been the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation and a very important part of Chinese traditional culture. Filial piety is the code of conduct and moral code that people must abide by. Filial piety culture is not only contained in the development of the whole history of China, but also deeply affects every region of China. Huizhou is located in the middle of thousands of mountains, the land transportation is inconvenient, and there is little danger of war. In the history of China, because of the war in the Central Plains, there have been three high tides of large-scale southward migration of population. Huizhou gradually developed into a typical clan society. At the same time, the traditional Confucian culture with filial piety as its core was deeply rooted in Huizhou. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, due to the development and prosperity of Huizhou merchants, It makes the whole Huizhou society pay more attention to the inheritance and development of filial piety culture, and provides the material basis for the prosperity of the filial piety culture in Huizhou. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi's thought has been widely spread and influenced in Huizhou. It played a positive role in promoting the prosperity of filial piety culture in Huizhou in Qing Dynasty. It was precisely because of the special history, geography and social environment of Huizhou. So that the filial piety culture of Huizhou in Qing Dynasty showed many characteristics different from other areas. In the period of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, the "Huizhou Government Records" recorded the deeds of filial piety figures in six counties of the Qing Dynasty. Through statistics, we can draw a conclusion that the number of filial piety figures in Huizhou in Qing Dynasty is huge, and the number of people who have been commended has also accounted for a relatively large proportion. It can be seen that the society of Huizhou in Qing Dynasty attached great importance to filial piety. As a typical clan society, filial piety culture is the core content of clan culture, and it maintains the development and prosperity of Huizhou clan in Qing Dynasty. Tang Yue's Baobian clan was a more typical case. In the Qing Dynasty, the Tang and Yue clan in Shexian County was famous for their kindness and filial piety in Huizhou. They propagated and practiced filial piety through the following ways: setting up music for filial sons and grandchildren, building archways, ancestral halls, and so on. It promoted the inheritance and development of filial piety culture. At the same time, the development of filial piety culture also made the Tang Yue Bao clan flourish. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were a large number of children in Huizhou who went out to do business. One of the important reasons for them to do business was "serving Jia to worship their parents." in addition, the traditional Confucian culture of "filial piety" at the core of Huizhou had a profound impact, which made Huizhou merchants gradually form their own business philosophy in the course of business operation. And on this basis, the children of Huizhou were able to do good deeds to their clans and their hometown after they were rich in business. Filial piety culture gradually developed into one of the important symbols of Hui merchants in the Qing Dynasty, and a large number of Huizhou merchants prevailed in the Qing Dynasty. Huizhou women who stay at home assume the important responsibility of honoring their parents and raising orphans, and they become the most important contributors to the inheritance and development of filial piety culture. The filial piety culture of Huizhou in Qing Dynasty, with many local characteristics, played a positive role in promoting the stability of Huizhou society, the management of clan and the development of Huizhou merchants. It also has good enlightenment to the management of modern grass-roots society and the development of social economy, thus further promoting the construction of a harmonious society, and through the analysis and understanding of the dross part of the filial piety culture of Huizhou in the Qing Dynasty, More can play a reference role in the development of today's social culture.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G122;B823.1;K249

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