本文選題：明代　切入點(diǎn)：官員　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：致仕制度源于商周，經(jīng)過(guò)不斷的演變發(fā)展，到明代時(shí)，致仕制度已經(jīng)成為明代政治體系里不可或缺的重要組成部分。它對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)官僚集團(tuán)內(nèi)部的新陳代謝，調(diào)和統(tǒng)治階層內(nèi)部的矛盾起到了重要作用。致仕制度發(fā)展到明代已經(jīng)日趨完備，明代在沿襲前代致仕制度的基礎(chǔ)之上，又有所損益，形成了獨(dú)具特色的明代致仕制度。 明代致仕制度在沿襲宋元致仕制度的基礎(chǔ)上，多有損益。明代致仕制度的創(chuàng)立、發(fā)展、完善的過(guò)程也是明代政治制度從創(chuàng)立走向成熟這一過(guò)程的縮影。明代官員致仕的原因多種多樣，或是因?yàn)槟挲g、健康等原因主動(dòng)致仕，或是因?yàn)檗k事能力、不受皇帝信任等原因被勒令致仕。明代給予致仕官員的待遇包括政治待遇和經(jīng)濟(jì)待遇兩類(lèi)，其中以榮譽(yù)性待遇為主。政治待遇包括加官致仕、冠帶致仕、參與朝政和恩蔭子孫等等，經(jīng)濟(jì)待遇包括給予金銀賞賜、月米撥夫和減免賦役等等。明代官員在致仕后，由于受到個(gè)人興趣愛(ài)好、家庭背景、地域風(fēng)俗等多方面的影響，他們?cè)谥率撕蟮纳钜彩乔ё税賾B(tài)，豐富多彩的。不僅有豐富多彩的個(gè)人娛樂(lè)生活，包括著書(shū)立說(shuō)、耕讀自樂(lè)、追求個(gè)人享受等等；同時(shí)也或多或少的參與地方事務(wù)，，包括發(fā)展地方教育、往來(lái)各地講學(xué)，幫助官府出謀劃策、橫行鄉(xiāng)里等等。 明代致仕制度的施行有利于增強(qiáng)政府的工作效率，促進(jìn)官僚機(jī)構(gòu)的新陳代謝。同時(shí)致仕制度也存在著一些缺陷，如久仕不退、已退復(fù)仕、經(jīng)濟(jì)待遇低等等。明代致仕制度為現(xiàn)代退休制度提供了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。
[Abstract]:The official system originated from the Shang and Zhou dynasties. By the time of its continuous development, it had become an indispensable and important part of the political system of the Ming Dynasty. The system of making official official developed to the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty, on the basis of inheriting the system of acting for the official before the Ming Dynasty, had some gains and losses, and formed the unique system of the official system of the Ming Dynasty. On the basis of following the Song and Yuan official system, the Ming Dynasty official system has many gains and losses. The establishment and development of the Ming Dynasty official system. The process of perfection is also a microcosm of the process in which the political system of the Ming Dynasty was established and matured. There were various reasons for the official appointment in the Ming Dynasty, either because of age, health, etc., or because of their ability to handle affairs. The treatment given to officials in the Ming Dynasty included two categories: political treatment and economic treatment, of which honor treatment was the main treatment. Political treatment included the addition of officials and the crown and belt. He participated in the government and the descendants of Enyin, and so on. The economic treatment included giving a reward to gold and silver, monthly rice payment and reduction of duty, and so on. After returning to the office, the officials of the Ming Dynasty were influenced by their personal interests, family background, regional customs, and so on. Their life after their official appointment is also varied and colorful. They not only have a rich and colorful personal entertainment life, including writing books, reading and enjoying themselves, pursuing personal enjoyment, and so on; at the same time, they also participate more or less in local affairs. Including the development of local education, lectures, to help the government planning, across the countryside and so on. The implementation of the official system in the Ming Dynasty was conducive to enhancing the efficiency of the government and promoting the metabolism of the bureaucracy. Low economic treatment and so on. The Ming Dynasty to the official system for the modern retirement system to provide valuable experience and lessons.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K248

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