本文關(guān)鍵詞： 元代 訴訟 慣習(xí) 司法秩序　出處：《西北師大學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版)》2017年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：元代民眾訴訟主要有"訴冤"與"告奸"兩種情形。前者因訴訟者遭受各種侵害或利益糾紛而產(chǎn)生,其目的是通過(guò)外部力量予以救濟(jì)。后者針對(duì)的是各種違法行為,其中一部分嚴(yán)重侵害國(guó)家統(tǒng)治和社會(huì)秩序的罪行,國(guó)家規(guī)定民眾有舉告的義務(wù),更多的則是以獎(jiǎng)賞鼓勵(lì)舉告。在"集權(quán)的簡(jiǎn)約治理"模式下,元代國(guó)家希望通過(guò)民眾舉告打擊犯罪,同時(shí)盡量減少因婚姻、田土等糾紛產(chǎn)生的訴訟,以節(jié)省行政成本。而民眾訴訟的根本動(dòng)因皆出于自身利益,婚姻、田土等糾紛在日常生活中最為常見(jiàn),必然出現(xiàn)"民訟之繁,婚田為甚"的結(jié)果。在訴訟中,官民之間展現(xiàn)出明顯的立場(chǎng)差異。
[Abstract]:In Yuan Dynasty, there were two kinds of cases: "suing grievances" and "suing rape". The former was caused by various kinds of infringement or interest disputes, the purpose of which was to provide relief through external forces. The latter was aimed at various illegal acts. Some of them are serious crimes against state rule and social order, and the state imposes an obligation on the public to report, and more on the basis of rewards to encourage such reporting. Under the model of "centralized and simple governance," In the Yuan Dynasty, the state wanted to crack down on crime through public information, and at the same time try to reduce the litigation arising from disputes such as marriage, land and land, in order to save administrative costs. And the fundamental motivation of public litigation was out of their own interests, marriage, etc. Disputes such as land and land are the most common in daily life, and there must be the result of "the civil litigation is complicated, the marriage is the most serious". In the lawsuit, there are obvious differences between the officials and the people.
【作者單位】： 南開(kāi)大學(xué)歷史學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目“元、明前期的江南政策與社會(huì)發(fā)展脈絡(luò)”(12AZS006)
【分類號(hào)】：D929;K247
【正文快照】： 在元代,除涉及官吏的案件常由監(jiān)察機(jī)關(guān)糾舉,一般情況下訴訟的發(fā)生首先緣自民眾向官府提起訴訟。民眾在訴訟活動(dòng)中雖然相對(duì)于司法機(jī)關(guān)處于弱勢(shì)的地位,卻又扮演著十分重要的角色。在一定意義上,民眾的訴訟推動(dòng)了司法活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)生,甚至形塑了現(xiàn)實(shí)司法秩序。在元代史料中,常常有民風(fēng)，

本文編號(hào)：1491144