本文關鍵詞： 張岱 義烈 遺民 石匱書后集　出處：《浙江工商大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：張岱是明末清初的一位著名大文豪,然而在其文豪的外衣下包裹的是其史學家的本質與其遺民的身份。張岱由于特殊的歷史原因,其研究的熱度直到近二三十年才逐漸升溫,但研究的重點都在其文學方面,張岱史學方面的研究相對空白,而對張岱"義烈觀"的研究,前人更是尚未涉及。明清鼎革之際,中原陸沉,由于倫理綱常思想的普及,宋明理學的發(fā)展,明人受教育程度的普遍提高,甲申之變崇禎"身死社稷"的行為,這四重力量相互作用影響下,使得明朝殉國人數(shù)達到了歷朝之冠1,因而明人的"義烈觀"是非常有研究價值的。張岱作為明朝遺民士大夫的代表人物之一,有著強烈的義烈情結,其義烈情結貫穿他一生的所有著作。而在其史學著作《古今義烈傳》、《石匱書后集》、《越中三不朽圖贊》中,張岱的義烈情結表現(xiàn)的尤為明顯,并形成了其獨特的"義烈觀"。前人將張岱的一生按照甲申之變?yōu)榉纸缇�分為"名士"與"遺民"兩個階段。而筆者認為張岱的一生應該按照甲申之變與清朝統(tǒng)一全國1這兩個分界線分成三個階段,張岱的"義烈三部曲",張岱人生的三個階段,以及他人生的三次重大抉擇,這三者之間有著不可分割的緊密聯(lián)系性。本文在第一章緒論中先簡單介紹張岱的生平,研究概況,本文的選題意義與創(chuàng)新點。第二章至第四章為本文主體部分,按照"是什么"、"為什么"、"怎么樣"這三步進行闡述。第二章介紹張岱的"義烈觀"是什么,先鑒定"義烈觀"的定義,再分六點論述張岱義烈觀的具體內容,同時指出張岱 "義烈觀"中部分觀點的歷史局限性。第三章介紹張岱為什么會形成他的這種義烈觀,從八個角度逐條分析其"義烈觀"的源頭與部分有歷史局限性的觀點的成因。第四章先簡要梳理明朝之前"義烈觀"的源流發(fā)展,再介紹明清鼎革之際士大夫主流"義烈觀"的大致情況,簡要闡述張岱"義烈觀"產(chǎn)生的時代背景,最后將張岱的"義烈觀"與同時代極具代表性的劉宗周、毛奇齡二人的"義烈觀"分別進行比較,分析其異同點及原因。第五章得出結論。
[Abstract]:Zhang Dai was a famous great literary magnate in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. However, under the cloak of his literary haughty was the essence of his historian and the identity of his people. Zhang Dai was due to special historical reasons. The heat of his research did not gradually rise until nearly twenty or thirty years, but the focus of the study is in his literature, the research of Zhang Dai's historiography is relatively blank, and the study of Zhang Dai's "the view of Yi Li". During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Lu Shen, due to the popularization of ethical principles, the development of Song Ming's Neo-Confucianism, the general improvement of the education of Ming people, and the behavior of Jia Shen's becoming Chongzhen's "dead society state". Under the interaction of the four forces, the number of martyrs in Ming Dynasty reached the highest level of history, so the Ming people's "view of righteousness and martyrdom" was of great value. Zhang Dai was one of the representatives of the literati and officials of the Ming Dynasty. There is a strong complex of righteousness, whose complex runs through all his works throughout his life. But in his historical works, the Book of the Book of Shikui, the three Immortals of Yuezhong. Zhang Dai's love complex is particularly obvious. Zhang Dai's life was divided into "famous people" and "survivors" according to Jia Shen's. The author thinks that Zhang Dai's life should be divided into three stages according to the transformation of Jia Shen and the unification of Qing Dynasty. Zhang Dai's "Yi lie trilogy", Zhang Dai's three stages of life, as well as his three major choices in life. This paper introduces Zhang Dai's life, research overview, significance and innovation of this paper. Chapter two to 4th is the main part of this paper. According to the "what", "why", "how" these three steps to elaborate. The second chapter introduces Zhang Dai's "Yi Li view" is what, first identify the definition of "Yi Li view". Then it discusses the concrete content of Zhang Daiyi's view of Li in six points, and points out the historical limitation of some views in Zhang Dai's "view of Yi lie". The third chapter introduces why Zhang Dai formed this kind of view of righteousness. From eight angles, this paper analyzes the origin of the view of Yi Li and the causes of some historical limitations. Chapter 4th briefly combs the origin and development of the view of righteousness before the Ming Dynasty. Then introduce the Ming and Qing dynasties, the mainstream of "Yi Li view" of the general situation, a brief description of Zhang Dai "Yi Li view" of the era background, finally Zhang Dai's "Yi Li view" and the representative of the same era Liu Zongzhou. Mao Qiling's view of righteousness is compared, and their similarities, differences and reasons are analyzed. Chapter 5th draws a conclusion.
【學位授予單位】：浙江工商大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K249;B821

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