本文關(guān)鍵詞： 明代 官方農(nóng)貸 預(yù)備倉 賑貸 償還　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在中國傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)中,歷代統(tǒng)治者都有向處于維生邊緣的貧農(nóng)提供糧食、牛、種等生活、生產(chǎn)資料的借貸行為,以保障他們的基本生存需求及推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的穩(wěn)定持續(xù)發(fā)展。傳統(tǒng)官方農(nóng)貸不以盈利為目的,而是追求政治、社會(huì)效益最大化,以達(dá)到穩(wěn)定政權(quán)、鞏固統(tǒng)治的目的。明代官方農(nóng)貸在政府主導(dǎo)下,歷經(jīng)了洪、永年間的創(chuàng)制;仁、宣時(shí)期的高速發(fā)展;正統(tǒng)至嘉靖年間的低效運(yùn)作及萬歷至崇禎年間的消亡等幾個(gè)歷史時(shí)期。為了保障農(nóng)貸制度的實(shí)施,明王朝構(gòu)建了系統(tǒng)完備的農(nóng)貸管理體系,配以監(jiān)察、考滿等監(jiān)督機(jī)制,保障了農(nóng)貸的有效、順暢運(yùn)行。明代官方農(nóng)貸發(fā)放的時(shí)間、地域性特征都較為明顯。預(yù)備倉是農(nóng)貸職能的主要承擔(dān)者,但明代中后期以來地方預(yù)備倉儲(chǔ)日漸空虛,因此,國家農(nóng)貸的賑放開始依賴國庫、內(nèi)帑、地方社倉、義倉等倉庫以及其他錢糧相兼賑貸。農(nóng)貸運(yùn)行中也不可避免的遭遇一些困境、弊病,如農(nóng)貸賑放鏈條過長造成農(nóng)貸發(fā)放遲緩,貧民無力償還借糧造成倉儲(chǔ)無糧不能持續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),官司、蠹吏怠政貪墨造成最需要糧的貧民得不到賑濟(jì),國家倉儲(chǔ)無糧、國庫空虛無力維持官方農(nóng)貸等。因此,國家農(nóng)貸在發(fā)展過程中出現(xiàn)性質(zhì)異化、效率損失、職能下移等面貌。但總體而言,明代官方農(nóng)貸保證了貧民生命安全,降低了農(nóng)村死亡率,保障了農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力;維持了農(nóng)業(yè)的持續(xù)再生產(chǎn);具有鞏固統(tǒng)治的作用。
[Abstract]:In the traditional Chinese society, the rulers of past dynasties have provided food, cattle, seeds and other living and production materials to the poor peasants who are on the edge of subsistence. In order to ensure their basic survival needs and promote the stable and sustainable development of agricultural production. Traditional official agricultural loans do not aim at profit, but pursue political and social benefits maximization in order to achieve a stable regime. Under the guidance of the government, the official agricultural loans of the Ming Dynasty went through the creation of Hong and Yongnian; Benevolence, the rapid development of the propaganda period; In order to ensure the implementation of agricultural loan system, the Ming Dynasty constructed a systematic and complete agricultural loan management system, accompanied by supervision. Inspection and other supervision mechanisms to ensure the effective and smooth operation of agricultural loans. The time of the official agricultural loans issued in Ming Dynasty, regional characteristics are more obvious. The reserve warehouse is the main bearer of the function of agricultural loans. But since the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the local reserve storage became empty, so the relief of the national agricultural loan began to rely on the state treasury, money, local social warehouse. The operation of agricultural loans inevitably encountered some difficulties, such as too long chain of relief for agricultural loans, which resulted in slow distribution of agricultural loans. Poor people unable to repay grain loans caused storage without grain can not continue to operate, litigation, officials, corruption and corruption caused by poor people most in need of grain can not be relief, the state storage without grain, the empty treasury is unable to maintain official agricultural loans, and so on. In the process of the development of the national agricultural loan, the dissimilation of nature, the loss of efficiency and the downshift of function appeared. But in general, the official agricultural loan of the Ming Dynasty ensured the life safety of the poor, reduced the rural mortality rate and ensured the rural labor force. Sustained agricultural reproduction; It has the function of consolidating the rule.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K248

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