本文關(guān)鍵詞：清代東北貢貂制度研究　出處：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 清朝 東北 貢貂制度 生態(tài)環(huán)境

【摘要】：“貢貂賞烏林”制度是清朝時對東北地區(qū)邊疆少數(shù)民族實(shí)行有效管理的一項重要決策。這一制度實(shí)施多年，卓有成效。它雖然是清統(tǒng)治者強(qiáng)化封建統(tǒng)治，駕馭少數(shù)民族的一條國策，但在客觀上對鞏固東北邊疆，維護(hù)國家統(tǒng)一，還是起到了一定作用。但隨著后期沙俄的侵略，強(qiáng)占了東北地區(qū)大部分土地，嚴(yán)重破壞了我國領(lǐng)土主權(quán)，“貢貂賞烏林”制度也開始發(fā)生了根本性的變化。本文以清代貢貂制度為中心，通過分析認(rèn)為貢貂制度的創(chuàng)制主要是清朝為維護(hù)東北邊疆地區(qū)的統(tǒng)治，在具體實(shí)施貢貂時，清政府制定了相應(yīng)的規(guī)定，并專門設(shè)立相關(guān)的衙門管理貢貂事務(wù)，，并對這些邊民進(jìn)行劃分管治。而貢貂制度的性質(zhì)則是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)少數(shù)民族對清政府的臣屬關(guān)系，政治意義要大于經(jīng)濟(jì)意義，主要是表示各民族對清政府統(tǒng)治的承認(rèn)，而清政府也在他們貢貂的同時給予相應(yīng)的賞賜，就是為達(dá)到“仁撫遠(yuǎn)民”的效果，清政府與這些邊疆部族的關(guān)系也由開始的武力征服到后來的懷柔羈縻，有效地維護(hù)了邊疆的穩(wěn)定。文中還單獨(dú)提到了獵貂對當(dāng)?shù)刈匀画h(huán)境的影響以及對生物多樣性的破壞，而自然環(huán)境的被破壞又反過來作用于人們，形成惡性循環(huán)，以至于貂的數(shù)量急劇減少。但當(dāng)時清政府對貂皮的需要則是一如既往，再加上清末時帝國主義的侵略，沙俄強(qiáng)占了當(dāng)時大部分貢貂的地區(qū)，從而也就造成了清末時貢貂難，好貂少的局面，而清政府也無力提供對貢貂者的賞賜，所以貢貂制度再無法執(zhí)行下去而被廢止。由此可見，貢貂制度從開始的大力執(zhí)行到后期的無力執(zhí)行都與當(dāng)時的形勢有著密切的聯(lián)系。貢貂制度在清代對邊疆造成的環(huán)境影響以及整個東北地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的變遷過程，對現(xiàn)代的環(huán)境問題具有一定的教育意義，我們從中也吸取了相關(guān)的經(jīng)驗及教訓(xùn)，為我們進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)也有一定的啟示作用，任何發(fā)展都不能以犧牲環(huán)境為代價，要為長遠(yuǎn)利益做打算。通過對貢貂制度的研究，也使我們對當(dāng)時的政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)，社會文化等歷史實(shí)態(tài)有一定的了解，形成更深刻的認(rèn)識。
[Abstract]:"Tribute mink receive silk" system is the implementation of an important decision of the effective management of the northeast frontier minority in Qing Dynasty. This system is implemented for many years, although it is very fruitful. The Qing rulers strengthened the feudal rule, a control policy of ethnic minorities, but the objective of consolidating the frontier and safeguarding national unity, or played a certain role. But with the later invasion of Russia occupied the Northeast most of the land, serious damage to China's territorial sovereignty, "a tribute mink silk" system also began to change fundamentally. The tribute mink system in the Qing Dynasty as the center, through the analysis that the creation of tribute mink is a system the Qing Dynasty for the maintenance of the northeast frontier rule, in the specific implementation of Gong mink, the Qing government enacted provisions, and set up special government affairs management and related tribute mink, division of these border governance While nature tribute mink system is to emphasize the minority of the Qing government's relations, political significance is greater than the economic significance is mainly expressed for each nation that the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government also in their tribute mink while giving the corresponding reward, is to achieve "Ren Fuyuan people" the effect between Qing government and the frontier tribes from the beginning of the conquest to the later Huairou control, effectively safeguarding the stability of the border areas. The paper also singled out the influence of hunting Mink on the local natural environment and the destruction of biodiversity, and the destruction of the natural environment in turn people. Form a vicious spiral, so that the sharp decrease in the number of mink. But at that time, the Qing government of mink is as in the past, coupled with the imperialist aggression, Russia occupied most of the time the tribute mink region, thus It is caused by the end of the Qing Dynasty tribute mink mink less difficult, good situation, the Qing government is unable to provide the reward of tribute mink, mink and so tribute to be implemented and the system was abolished. Thus, from the beginning of the tribute mink system implement to the later unable to implement with the situation there close contact. Changes in the process of contributing marten system in environmental impact of Qing Dynasty on the frontier caused and the northeast region of the ecological environment, has a certain significance to the education of modern environmental problems, we also learn from the experience and lessons learned related, for our modernization construction have certain enlightenment, any development are not at the expense of the environment, to plan for the long-term interests. Through the research on the system of tribute mink, also make us on the political, economic, social and cultural history of the actual state of a certain understanding, forming a better understanding.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K249;D691

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本文編號：1377415