民國四川鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)探析
發(fā)布時間：2019-07-09 21:26
【摘要】： 民國時期,四川是我國種植鴉片罌粟、生產(chǎn)鴉片、銷售鴉片、吸食鴉片最多最嚴重的省區(qū),尤其是在四川軍閥混戰(zhàn)的防區(qū)制時期,鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)得到畸形發(fā)展,成為四川最重的經(jīng)濟部門。本文著重從經(jīng)濟角度分析研究民國時期四川鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè),論文主要包括前言、正文及結(jié)束語。正文分為四個章節(jié): 第一章主要內(nèi)容是探討民國四川鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)的歷史淵源,考證民國各個時期四川鴉片罌粟種植的主要產(chǎn)區(qū)、種植面積以及鴉片年產(chǎn)量概況。論證四川地區(qū)在民國各個階段無論是從種植鴉片罌粟的面積上,還是從鴉片年產(chǎn)量上均為全國之冠。 第二章以民國時期四川鴉片生產(chǎn)加工、販運銷售與消費為主要內(nèi)容,論述了鴉片從罌粟種植、鴉片生產(chǎn)加工、販運銷售以及消費市場形成的鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,并對當時四川鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)的畸形發(fā)展情況進行評述。 第三章以民國四川鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)與其它經(jīng)濟部門的關(guān)系為重點內(nèi)容,分別論述了四川鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)與農(nóng)業(yè)、工商業(yè)以及財政稅收的關(guān)系等問題。論證了與鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)相關(guān)聯(lián)的各經(jīng)濟部門均是以獲取鴉片高額利潤而得到發(fā)展;為榨取更高的鴉片稅收,四川軍政勢力不擇手段,官商勾結(jié),壟斷經(jīng)營;鴉片稅收成為當時四川政府及各派軍閥最主要的財政來源之一。同時也論證了鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)及其相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的畸形發(fā)展,影響了農(nóng)工商業(yè)的正常生產(chǎn),嚴重危害了四川社會經(jīng)濟的正常發(fā)展,并為此付出了沉重的代價。 第四章主要從民國各個時期實施的鴉片政策和鴉片文化習俗方面,探討了四川鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展變化的原因所在。論證了民國各個時期鴉片政策的不同傾向以及統(tǒng)治者對禁絕鴉片的態(tài)度是導致四川鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)畸形發(fā)展的重要原因;國家政治長期動蕩,國民政府腐敗無能,政令不一,四川軍閥各自為政,為擴充軍備強迫農(nóng)民種植罌粟,勒索鴉片稅收,是四川鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)畸形發(fā)展的根本原因;禁煙過程中各級官吏貪贓枉法,官商勾結(jié),從中漁利是四川鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)得以發(fā)展的庇護傘;當時部分國人在政局動蕩,社會轉(zhuǎn)型時期所出現(xiàn)的靈魂空虛,吸食鴉片則是四川鴉片產(chǎn)業(yè)泛濫發(fā)展的催化劑。
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, Sichuan was the province where opium poppy was cultivated, opium was produced, opium was sold and opium was consumed most seriously, especially during the period of warlord melee in Sichuan, the opium industry developed malformed and became the heaviest economic sector in Sichuan. This paper focuses on the analysis and study of Sichuan opium industry from the economic point of view. The thesis mainly includes preface, text and conclusion. The main body is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is to explore the historical origin of opium industry in Sichuan in the Republic of China, and to study the main production areas, planting area and annual opium yield of opium poppy cultivation in Sichuan in each period of the Republic of China. It is proved that Sichuan is the highest in all stages of the Republic of China, both in terms of the area of opium poppy cultivation and the annual opium production. The second chapter takes the opium production and processing, trafficking, sale and consumption of Sichuan opium as the main content, discusses the opium industry chain formed from opium poppy cultivation, opium production and processing, trafficking and sales, as well as the consumption market, and comments on the abnormal development of Sichuan opium industry at that time. The third chapter focuses on the relationship between Sichuan opium industry and other economic departments in the Republic of China, and discusses the relationship between Sichuan opium industry and agriculture, industry and commerce, as well as finance and taxation. It is proved that all the economic departments associated with the opium industry have been developed to obtain high opium profits; in order to extract higher opium taxes, Sichuan military and political forces have unscrupulous means, colluding with officials and businessmen, monopolizing management, and opium tax became one of the most important sources of finance for the Sichuan government and warlords at that time. At the same time, it also demonstrates that the abnormal development of opium industry and its related industries has affected the normal production of agriculture and industry, seriously endangered the normal development of social economy in Sichuan, and paid a heavy price for it. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the reasons for the development and change of opium industry in Sichuan from the aspects of opium policy and opium culture and customs implemented in each period of the Republic of China. This paper demonstrates that the different tendencies of opium policy in each period of the Republic of China and the attitude of rulers towards banning opium are the important reasons for the abnormal development of opium industry in Sichuan, and the root cause of the abnormal development of opium industry in Sichuan is the long-term political instability of the country, the corruption and incompetence of the national government, the different government orders, and the separate policies of Sichuan warlords, forcing farmers to grow opium poppy and extorting opium taxes in order to expand their arms. In the process of banning smoking, officials at all levels corrupt and perverted the law, colluding with officials and businessmen, and profiting from the profits were the sheltered umbrella for the development of Sichuan opium industry. At that time, some Chinese people were in turmoil in the political situation, the soul emptiness appeared in the period of social transformation, and opium smoking was the catalyst for the spread and development of Sichuan opium industry.
【學位授予單位】：四川省社會科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K297
本文編號：2512462
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, Sichuan was the province where opium poppy was cultivated, opium was produced, opium was sold and opium was consumed most seriously, especially during the period of warlord melee in Sichuan, the opium industry developed malformed and became the heaviest economic sector in Sichuan. This paper focuses on the analysis and study of Sichuan opium industry from the economic point of view. The thesis mainly includes preface, text and conclusion. The main body is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is to explore the historical origin of opium industry in Sichuan in the Republic of China, and to study the main production areas, planting area and annual opium yield of opium poppy cultivation in Sichuan in each period of the Republic of China. It is proved that Sichuan is the highest in all stages of the Republic of China, both in terms of the area of opium poppy cultivation and the annual opium production. The second chapter takes the opium production and processing, trafficking, sale and consumption of Sichuan opium as the main content, discusses the opium industry chain formed from opium poppy cultivation, opium production and processing, trafficking and sales, as well as the consumption market, and comments on the abnormal development of Sichuan opium industry at that time. The third chapter focuses on the relationship between Sichuan opium industry and other economic departments in the Republic of China, and discusses the relationship between Sichuan opium industry and agriculture, industry and commerce, as well as finance and taxation. It is proved that all the economic departments associated with the opium industry have been developed to obtain high opium profits; in order to extract higher opium taxes, Sichuan military and political forces have unscrupulous means, colluding with officials and businessmen, monopolizing management, and opium tax became one of the most important sources of finance for the Sichuan government and warlords at that time. At the same time, it also demonstrates that the abnormal development of opium industry and its related industries has affected the normal production of agriculture and industry, seriously endangered the normal development of social economy in Sichuan, and paid a heavy price for it. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the reasons for the development and change of opium industry in Sichuan from the aspects of opium policy and opium culture and customs implemented in each period of the Republic of China. This paper demonstrates that the different tendencies of opium policy in each period of the Republic of China and the attitude of rulers towards banning opium are the important reasons for the abnormal development of opium industry in Sichuan, and the root cause of the abnormal development of opium industry in Sichuan is the long-term political instability of the country, the corruption and incompetence of the national government, the different government orders, and the separate policies of Sichuan warlords, forcing farmers to grow opium poppy and extorting opium taxes in order to expand their arms. In the process of banning smoking, officials at all levels corrupt and perverted the law, colluding with officials and businessmen, and profiting from the profits were the sheltered umbrella for the development of Sichuan opium industry. At that time, some Chinese people were in turmoil in the political situation, the soul emptiness appeared in the period of social transformation, and opium smoking was the catalyst for the spread and development of Sichuan opium industry.
【學位授予單位】：四川省社會科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K297
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條
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