【摘要】： 民國時期,甘寧青地方軍閥與鴉片的問題是近代西北社會史中一個很有意義的研究課題。通過對這一問題的分析,不但可以加強對中國毒品史的研究,也可以深化人們對軍閥混戰(zhàn)時期甘寧青社會的認(rèn)識。本文從鴉片傳入甘肅、甘寧青地方軍閥的鴉片經(jīng)營及鴉片對甘寧青社會造成的影響三個方面展開論述。其中第二部分為本文重點,主要將民國時期甘寧青地區(qū)幾個較有代表性的軍閥的鴉片政策做一論述。即督甘的北洋軍閥張廣建、陸洪濤及西北軍駐甘將領(lǐng)劉郁芬的鴉片政策;割據(jù)青海、寧夏的諸馬軍閥代表馬步芳、馬鴻逵的鴉片經(jīng)營。他們或強迫農(nóng)民種植鴉片,寓禁于征;或武裝販運鴉片于周邊省份;或強購鴉片實行壟斷專賣,致使鴉片大肆泛濫,西北人民身心倍受摧殘,農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)趨于破產(chǎn),社會風(fēng)氣嚴(yán)重惡化。軍閥與鴉片結(jié)下了不解之緣。軍閥通過抽收鴉片稅,經(jīng)營鴉片貿(mào)易獲取巨額利潤,以維持其統(tǒng)治;鴉片在軍閥的保護(hù)下大肆泛濫,危害社會,二者相互依存,相互為用。可以說,近代甘寧青地區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的落后與鴉片的泛濫有密切關(guān)系。 本文在借鑒別人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,對西北馬家軍閥的鴉片政策進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究論述,對馬步芳的“禁煙”政策采取一分為二的態(tài)度,較客觀地論述了民國時期青海地區(qū)的禁煙工作。另外,對甘寧青地區(qū)的鴉片稅收、鴉片貿(mào)易與地區(qū)財政、軍費開支、其他商品貿(mào)易進(jìn)行了量化比較,以增強論證的說服力。
[Abstract]:In the period of the Republic of China, the issue of local warlords and opium in Gansu, Ningqing and Qinghai was a significant research topic in the history of modern northwest society. The analysis of this problem can not only strengthen the study of the history of drugs in China, but also deepen people's understanding of the society of Gansu, Ningxia and Qing during the warlords' meltdown. In this paper, the opium was introduced into Gansu, the opium management of the local warlords in Gansu, and the influence of opium on the society of Gansu, Ningqing and Qinghai were discussed. The second part is the focus of this paper, mainly discusses the opium policy of several representative warlords in Gansu-Ningqing region during the period of the Republic of China. Namely Dogan's Northern warlord Zhang Guangjian, Lu Hongtao and Northwest Army General Liu Yufen's opium policy; under Qinghai, Ningxia's horse warlords represented Ma Bufang, Ma Honggui's opium business. They either forced farmers to grow opium and conscripted, or armed trafficking in opium in the surrounding provinces; Or forced purchase of opium monopoly, resulting in a massive flood of opium, northwest people suffered physical and mental destruction, rural economy tends to bankrupt, social atmosphere seriously deteriorated. The warlords were inextricably linked to opium. Warlords earn huge profits by collecting opium tax and operating opium trade in order to maintain their domination. Under the protection of warlords, opium is flooding and endangering the society, and the two are interdependent and mutually useful. It can be said that the backwardness of social economy in Gansu-Ningqing area in modern times is closely related to the flood of opium. On the basis of learning from others' research results, this paper systematically studies and discusses the opium policy of the warlords of the Northwest Ma Family, and adopts a two-part attitude towards Ma Bufang's policy of "no smoking". This paper objectively discusses the anti-smoking work in Qinghai during the Republic of China. In addition, the opium tax, opium trade and regional finance, military expenditure and other commodity trade in Gansu-Ningqing region are quantitatively compared in order to enhance the persuasion of the argument.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：K29

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本文編號：2458424