【摘要】：在封建王朝時(shí)期,喪葬是“五禮”之一,是嚴(yán)密、繁富的禮儀制度,是一項(xiàng)嚴(yán)格規(guī)范的禮儀活動(dòng)。在社會(huì)發(fā)展歷程中,喪葬已經(jīng)形成一種穩(wěn)定的中國傳統(tǒng)民俗文化,并且隨著歷史的變遷而不斷發(fā)展演變。在民國這個(gè)特殊的時(shí)期,中國的思想、文化、科學(xué)等各方面都極大地受到西方的影響,貴州葬俗表現(xiàn)出了過渡的特征,雖然封建迷信色彩仍大量存在,但踏上了漸開風(fēng)化,脫離迷信的道路。孝道觀念、迷信色彩逐漸改變,并且出現(xiàn)新式的喪葬禮儀以及公墓。葬俗的演變,反應(yīng)出某個(gè)時(shí)期,政治、思想文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)等多方面的面貌和民族關(guān)系的融合與交流,是歷史變遷的表現(xiàn)。本文從民俗學(xué)、歷史學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)等學(xué)科入手,主要使用晚清民國時(shí)期地方志、期刊雜志、個(gè)人日記、社會(huì)調(diào)查和地方文史等資料,呈現(xiàn)出民國時(shí)期貴州的傳統(tǒng)喪葬形式和葬俗演變的過程和特點(diǎn),以及葬俗變化的推動(dòng)因素。同時(shí)也將葬俗作為一個(gè)中心,揭示出民國時(shí)期貴州社會(huì)在經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育和政治局面在近代化進(jìn)程中的演變情況。就本文而言,文章大致分為三個(gè)部分:第一部分,通過地方志史料,介紹民國時(shí)期貴州的社會(huì)概況,包括經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育、政治局勢(shì)以及自然環(huán)境等情況。此外,對(duì)漢族傳統(tǒng)葬俗形式內(nèi)進(jìn)行概括,為接下來研究葬俗的演變做下鋪墊;第二部分是文章最主要的內(nèi)容,著重從孝道觀念、孝服形式和新式葬禮等方面介紹貴州的喪葬在民國時(shí)期的變化情況以及當(dāng)時(shí)喪葬變化呈現(xiàn)出的群體性、區(qū)域性、主導(dǎo)形式等多個(gè)特點(diǎn);第三部分則是探索民國時(shí)期貴州葬俗變化的推動(dòng)因素,以及其變化對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)和現(xiàn)代喪葬形式的影響。葬俗的研究是民俗學(xué)研究、社會(huì)學(xué)研究和歷史研究的重要部分。貴州處于中國西南一隅,地理特征明顯,民族成分復(fù)雜,漢族的葬俗具有鮮明的自身特點(diǎn)。到民國時(shí)期,貴州的傳統(tǒng)葬俗內(nèi)部發(fā)生了一系列的變化,出現(xiàn)了新式的葬禮。這些變化體現(xiàn)出當(dāng)時(shí)貴州社會(huì)在習(xí)俗、教育和經(jīng)濟(jì)等多方面的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:During the feudal dynasty, funeral was one of the "five rites", a strict and rich etiquette system and a strict and standardized ritual activity. In the course of social development, funeral has formed a stable Chinese traditional folk culture, and has been evolving with the changes of history. During this special period of the Republic of China, China's ideology, culture, science and other aspects were greatly influenced by the West. Guizhou burial customs showed the characteristics of transition. Although feudal superstitions still exist in large numbers, they are on their way to becoming more and more weathered. Break away from superstition. The concept of filial piety, superstition color gradually changed, and the emergence of new funeral rites and cemeteries. The evolution of burial customs reflects the fusion and exchange of political, ideological, cultural and economic aspects of a certain period and ethnic relations, which is the manifestation of historical changes. Starting with folklore, history and sociology, this paper mainly uses local chronicles, periodicals, personal diaries, social surveys and local literature and history of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. It presents the process and characteristics of the evolution of traditional funeral forms and funeral customs in Guizhou during the period of the Republic of China, as well as the driving factors of the change of burial customs. At the same time, the burial custom is regarded as a center to reveal the evolution of Guizhou society in the process of modernization in economy, education and politics during the period of the Republic of China. As far as this paper is concerned, the article is divided into three parts: the first part introduces the social situation of Guizhou in the period of the Republic of China, including economy, education, political situation and natural environment. In addition, the traditional burial customs of the Han nationality are summarized in order to pave the way for further research on the evolution of burial customs. The second part is the main content of the article, focusing on the concept of filial piety. The forms of filial piety and new funerals introduced the changes of funeral in Guizhou during the period of the Republic of China, as well as the mass, regional and dominant forms of funeral changes at that time. The third part is to explore the driving factors of the change of burial customs in Guizhou during the period of the Republic of China, and the influence of the changes on the social and modern funeral forms at that time. The study of burial customs is an important part of folklore, sociology and history. Guizhou is located in a corner of southwestern China with obvious geographical features and complex ethnic composition. The burial customs of Han nationality have their own characteristics. During the period of the Republic of China, a series of changes took place within the traditional burial customs in Guizhou, and new funerals appeared. These changes reflected the development of Guizhou society in customs, education and economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K29

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本文編號(hào)：2162829