發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-27 00:04

  本文選題：近代 + 青島��； 參考：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：青島瀕臨黃海,環(huán)繞膠州灣海域,海岸線綿延曲折,沿海島嶼星羅棋布,春季水溫上升,冬季下降,又因?yàn)槌绷鞯年P(guān)系,適宜于魚類的洄游和繁殖,漁業(yè)資源非常豐富。青島漁業(yè)歷史悠久,從龍山、大汶口文化晚期,漁業(yè)就成為人們重要的生產(chǎn)生活資料來源。由于這種優(yōu)越的自然地理環(huán)境,臨海居民多以漁業(yè)為主,漁業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)。在青島辟埠之初,轄區(qū)內(nèi)就有160余個(gè)漁村,每村漁民占全村人口之半數(shù)。 青島的漁業(yè)資源豐富,人們?cè)诤芫靡郧熬烷_始了漁產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易活動(dòng),而漁獲物就在當(dāng)?shù)馗劭诘募猩腺Q(mào)易,這些港口慢慢的發(fā)展成了漁業(yè)貿(mào)易中心,在沿海產(chǎn)地,海產(chǎn)貿(mào)易銷售的形式多種多樣,主要由漁民自銷或經(jīng)魚商販銷,隨著貿(mào)易的擴(kuò)展,出現(xiàn)了在漁民與魚販商之間起中介作用的魚行機(jī)構(gòu)。 青島傳統(tǒng)的漁業(yè)捕撈所使用的漁船主要有帆船、風(fēng)船兩類,這兩類船只都需要借助風(fēng)力和潮流的推動(dòng),受自然因素的影響很大,因船體比較小,勢(shì)單力薄,經(jīng)不起遠(yuǎn)洋風(fēng)浪,只能在近海作業(yè),且只能捕撈上層魚類,這些缺陷限制了海洋捕撈的產(chǎn)量,也嚴(yán)重制約著海洋漁業(yè)的發(fā)展。 德國侵占膠澳后,德商文竇林在青島創(chuàng)辦“中國漁業(yè)有限公司”,首次在山東沿海使用西洋漁具,用小輪船捕魚,由于漁船的動(dòng)力化,為捕撈生產(chǎn)由近岸水域向外海和更遠(yuǎn)的水域進(jìn)軍提供了可能,經(jīng)過一系列的改良與革新,青島海洋漁業(yè)的面貌煥然一新,當(dāng)時(shí)使用的機(jī)動(dòng)漁船主要是手操網(wǎng)漁輪。近代漁輪捕撈業(yè)的興起與發(fā)展,是傳統(tǒng)漁業(yè)向近代化漁業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志。采用漁輪捕魚,實(shí)現(xiàn)了捕撈作業(yè)的動(dòng)力化和機(jī)械化,航行不再依靠風(fēng)力或人力,捕撈范圍擴(kuò)大,漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)效率也隨之提高。 隨著漁業(yè)的發(fā)展,漁業(yè)管理的相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)也建立起來。這是青島漁業(yè)近代化的關(guān)鍵一步。但是由于種種原因,在民國以后,青島并沒有建立起獨(dú)立、完備、系統(tǒng)的漁業(yè)管理機(jī)構(gòu),而是隸屬其他各部門管理,漁業(yè)的方針政策也隨機(jī)構(gòu)的變化而幾經(jīng)變動(dòng),這些都不利于漁業(yè)的發(fā)展。 1913年10月,日本汽船拖網(wǎng)株式會(huì)社在德國膠澳當(dāng)局的許可下,派漁輪在膠州灣一帶從事捕撈。1914年日軍占領(lǐng)青島后,在青島設(shè)立軍政署進(jìn)行統(tǒng)治。自此之后,日本漁民大量來到青島。在青島附近海域,任意捕撈,劫掠黃海各漁場漁業(yè)資源,此后,日本當(dāng)局在青島設(shè)立水產(chǎn)組合,建立魚市場,控制青島的漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)和銷售,使青島的漁民受到了很大損失。 總體看來,青島海洋漁業(yè)走過了一段坎坷的近代化歷程,期間由于外力作用的影響,青島漁業(yè)發(fā)生了很大的變化,影響青島漁業(yè)發(fā)展的主要因素有:捕撈技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,使青島漁業(yè)的捕獲量有了很大的提高;漁政機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置,對(duì)漁業(yè)的發(fā)展有一定的指導(dǎo)作用;青島城市工商業(yè)的發(fā)展對(duì)大量勞動(dòng)力的需求,也促使沿海漁民紛紛放棄漁業(yè)而改從其它產(chǎn)業(yè);日本對(duì)青島沿海漁業(yè)的掠奪,使沿海漁業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)受損嚴(yán)重。伴隨著青島漁業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮和走向近代化,青島沿海漁村卻紛紛呈現(xiàn)衰落的趨勢(shì)。本文主要研究近代青島沿海漁業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)變遷的問題,通過分析近代青島漁業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的變化,揭示變遷的原因及其發(fā)展過程,以吸取青島漁業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),更好的指導(dǎo)未來漁業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Qingdao is on the verge of the Yellow Sea , surrounding the Bay Sea area , the coastline stretches tortuous , the coastal island Xingao chess cloth , the spring water temperature rises , the winter falls , and because of the trend of the relationship , is suitable for the migratory and reproduction of the fish , the fishery resources are very rich . Because of this excellent natural geographical environment , Linhai residents are mainly fishery main , fishery is developed . In the beginning of the Qingdao open port , there are more than 160 fishing villages , each village fisherman accounts for half of the total village population .

The fishery resources of Qingdao are abundant , and people begin trading activities of fishery products for a long time , and the catch is traded on the market of the local port . These ports are slowly developed into fishery trade centers . In the coastal areas of origin , the sale of seafood trade is diversified , mainly by fishermen ' s self - selling or fish traders marketing . With the expansion of trade , there is a fish line mechanism mediating between the fisherman and the fishmonger .

The fishing vessels used in the traditional fishing industry in Qingdao mainly include sailing vessels and wind boats . Both types of vessels need to be driven by wind power and power flow . Because the hull is small , the potential is thin , the ocean waves cannot be neglected , only the upper layer of fish can be caught in the offshore operation , and these defects limit the output of the marine fishing , and also severely restrict the development of the marine fishery .

With the development of fishing gear , the power and mechanization of fishing operation are realized , and the fishing range is enlarged , and the fishing productivity and production efficiency are increased .

With the development of fishery , the relevant institutions of fishery management have also been established . This is the key step of Qingdao fishery modernization . However , after the Republic of China , since the Republic of China , Qingdao has not established independent , complete and systematic fishery management organization , but it is subordinate to other departments . The policy of fishery is also changed with the changes of the institutions , which are not conducive to the development of fishery .

In October 1913 , under the permission of the German Jiao - Australian authorities , Japan ' s merchant fleet of steam boats dispatched a fishing wheel to operate in the area of Jiao Zhou . After the Japanese occupation of Qingdao in 1914 , Japanese fishermen came to Qingdao . After that , Japanese fishermen came to Qingdao . After that , Japanese authorities established a water - production combination in Qingdao , established fish markets , controlled the fishery production and sales in Qingdao , and caused great losses to the fishermen in Qingdao .

In general , Qingdao ' s marine fishery has gone through a rough and tortuous process . During the period , Qingdao fishery has changed greatly . The main factors that affect the development of Qingdao fishery are : the progress of fishing technology , the development of fishing industry has a certain guiding effect on the development of fishery .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K295.2;F329

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本文編號(hào)：2071916