本文選題：壯族 + 傣族�。� 參考：《中央民族大學》2007年博士論文

【摘要】： 20世紀80年代以來，對廣西西部地區(qū)壯族和云南西雙版納傣族社會歷史和文化的研究一直是學術界研究的熱點，內(nèi)容涉及這兩個民族社會歷史發(fā)展的諸多方面，成果很多。本文是針對廣西西部壯族和云南西雙版納傣族的封建領主制度作對比研究。 文章共分為五章。 第一章論述了桂西壯族與西雙版納傣族封建領主制的發(fā)展概況。此章分三節(jié)闡述了桂西壯族和西雙版納傣族地區(qū)的自然地理情況，并著重分析了兩地封建領主制度的萌芽、發(fā)展成熟和消亡的過程，對影響這個過程的客觀原因作了簡要的說明。 第二章至第四章的內(nèi)容從桂西壯族和西雙版納傣族封建領主制度下的政治制度、等級制度、政權組織、經(jīng)濟體制、宗教制度等方面對二者的封建領主制度進行比較，是本文的重點所在。第二章從二者封建領主制的政治制度、等級制度、政權組織和法律制度等幾個涉及封建領主制度政治要素的主要方面進行論述和比較，試圖通過對封建領主制的上層建筑諸方面的分析來比較封建領主制度的異同，并對這種異同作了原因分析。 第三章對桂西壯族和西雙版納傣族封建領主制存在的經(jīng)濟體制進行比較，從土地制度、封建地租與特權剝削等方面剖析二者之間的異同，指出在同一種政治制度下，兩地經(jīng)濟體制的差異性的存在是兩地封建領主制度發(fā)展歷程不一致性之根本所在。 宗教在二者社會歷史發(fā)展過程中，雖然不是起決定性作用，但對封建領主制度的發(fā)展有著深刻的影響，尤其在西雙版納傣族地區(qū)最為突出。第四章概述了桂西壯族和西雙版納傣族封建領主制下的宗教信仰情況，并對宗教制度進行了比較，辯證地分析了宗教在封建領主制社會中的作用，認為：宗教在社會發(fā)展過程中有兩面性，既要看到宗教存在的消極作用，也不能忽視宗教在推動社會發(fā)展過程中的積極作用及其存在的可行性。 第五章為本文的總結(jié)論述部分，通過前文各章節(jié)對二者諸多方面的異同點分析與比較，指出社會形態(tài)在社會歷史發(fā)展過程中的不一致性可抽象為上層建筑與經(jīng)濟基礎的不一致性，這種不一致性會在社會歷史發(fā)展的過程中進行不同程度地調(diào)節(jié)，使之趨于一致。具體到桂西壯族地區(qū)和西雙版納傣族地區(qū)，則是因其歷史發(fā)展條件差異而導致在封建領主制下又存在著各種差異。首先，二者的封建領主制度存續(xù)多年與其所在的地理位置有著密不可分的關系，而兩地自然條件差異造成封建領主制發(fā)展不同，桂西的土地比西雙版納相對貧瘠，社會生產(chǎn)力的低下，封建領主剝削重，農(nóng)民反抗意識強，社會矛盾更易激化，因而更容易從內(nèi)部促進發(fā)生社會變革，從而加快封建領主制的消亡；而西雙版納傣族地區(qū)則是因為具備了較為優(yōu)越的自然條件和豐富的可耕種資源，雖是廣種薄收，但也不影響農(nóng)民的生活質(zhì)量，農(nóng)民生活富庶而安逸，加之封建領主剝削的隱蔽性，封建領主與農(nóng)民之間的階級矛盾不是很尖銳，封建領主的統(tǒng)治得以長期穩(wěn)固地發(fā)展。再者，兩地地理交通差異導致外來經(jīng)濟與文化對封建領主制的沖擊不同，進而導致桂西壯族和西雙版納傣族封建領主制發(fā)展情況不同。桂西左、右江沿岸水運交通發(fā)達，自古便是大西南地區(qū)通往廣東和東南亞地區(qū)的重要交通樞紐，宋朝至明清年間，桂西地區(qū)外來移民進入的人數(shù)不斷增加，加之明清之際粵商西進之影響，桂西社會經(jīng)濟和文化受到外來沖擊遠比西雙版納強，地主經(jīng)濟得以更廣泛地在桂西地區(qū)的發(fā)展，造成封建領主制度的沖擊和消亡，而西雙版納卻正好相反，交通不便利致使封建領主制得以長期較為穩(wěn)固地保存和發(fā)展。 其次，外力的作用對封建領主制的影響也不容忽視。西雙版納位于西南邊陲，歷史上是外敵入侵的要沖，多次經(jīng)受外敵入侵，長期的戰(zhàn)亂，使西雙版納遭受了嚴重的創(chuàng)傷，極大地阻礙了社會經(jīng)濟的向前發(fā)展，造成西雙版納傣族社會長期停滯在封建領主制階段。同時，封建領主對當?shù)赝撩裰g的矛盾也因這些外國勢力入侵和封建土司舉全力對外作戰(zhàn)而得到一次次轉(zhuǎn)移和緩解，客觀上支持了封建領主制度的存在和發(fā)展。而桂西地區(qū)由于便利交通帶來的商品經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易、鴉片種植與貿(mào)易的發(fā)達也在一定程度上促進了社會的向前發(fā)展，給封建地主制經(jīng)濟以發(fā)展的空間，，導致了桂西地區(qū)封建領主制的消亡。 第三，不同的民族心理特征對于外來經(jīng)濟文化的接受度不同，也對兩地封建領主制發(fā)展的差異有一定的影響。壯族是個開放而寬容的民族，對外來文化是一種包容的態(tài)度，更容易促使社會的變革和發(fā)展。西雙版納自然地理條件優(yōu)越，讓人安于現(xiàn)狀，排斥外來的經(jīng)濟與文化，社會發(fā)展緩慢，導致西雙版納傣族社會長期處于封建領主制的發(fā)展階段。 總之，全文通過論述桂西壯族和西雙版納傣族宋代至解放初期封建領主制萌芽、形成、發(fā)展、衰亡的發(fā)展歷程，通過比較的研究方法，比較桂西壯族和西雙版納傣族兩個相近似的民族地區(qū)在封建領主制這一社會形態(tài)中的異同和形成這種異同的內(nèi)在因素，冀此來認識兩個民族社會發(fā)展進程中所經(jīng)歷的共同規(guī)律，發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩個民族各自經(jīng)歷的特殊歷程。這為豐富壯族和傣族封建社會形態(tài)研究的領域，彌補民族研究的不足，探索南方民族社會發(fā)展的規(guī)律，為壯傣族社會的發(fā)展服務提供參考借鑒；同時，這對于進一步把握南方少數(shù)民族地區(qū)政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等發(fā)展規(guī)律，充分發(fā)揮邊境區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢、規(guī)避劣勢，加快和推進西部大開發(fā)的進程以及泛東南亞區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提供一定的現(xiàn)實借鑒。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, the study of the social history and culture of the Zhuang people in Western Guangxi and the Dai nationality in Yunnan Xishuangbanna has been a hot topic in the academic circle. The content involves many aspects of the social and historical development of the two ethnic groups and many achievements. This article is based on the feudal lord system of the Zhuang people in Western Guangxi and the Dai people of Xishuangbanna in Yunnan. Comparative study.
The article is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter expounds the general situation of the development of the feudal lord of the Zhuang and Dai people in Western Guangxi and the Dai nationality in Xishuangbanna. This chapter expounds the natural and geographical conditions of the Zhuang and Xishuangbanna Dai areas in three sections, and emphasizes the analysis of the process of the germination of the feudal lord of the two lands, the development of the mature and the demise of the feudal lords, and the objective reasons for the process. The explanation.
The content of the second chapters to the fourth chapter is the focus of this article from the political system of the Zhuang and the Dai feudal lord of Xishuangbanna, the hierarchy, the organization, the economic system, the religious system and so on. The second chapter is from the political system, the hierarchy system and the political power system of the two feudal lords. The main aspects of the political elements of the feudal lord system, such as the organization and the legal system, are discussed and compared, and the similarities and differences of the feudal lord system are compared through the analysis of the superstructure of feudal lords, and the reasons for such similarities and differences are analyzed.
The third chapter compares the economic system between the Zhuang people of Guangxi and the feudal lord of the Dai people in Xishuangbanna, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the two parties from the land system, the feudal land rent and the privileged exploitation, and points out that under the same political system, the difference in the economic system between the two regions is the inconsistency of the development of the feudal lords in the two regions. The root of it.
In the course of the social and historical development of the two, religion has a profound influence on the development of the feudal lord system, especially in the Dai area in Xishuangbanna. The fourth chapter outlines the religious beliefs under the system of the Zhuang and the Dai feudal lords in Xishuangbanna, and makes a comparison of the religious system. It is a dialectical analysis of the role of religion in the society of feudal lords. It is believed that religion has two sides in the process of social development. It should not only see the negative effects of religion, but also the active role of religion in promoting social development and the feasibility of its existence.
The fifth chapter is the summary and discussion part of this article. Through the analysis and comparison of the similarities and differences between the two parties in the previous chapters, it is pointed out that the inconsistency of the social form in the process of social and historical development can be abstracted as the inconsistency between the superstructure and the economic base, and this inconsistency will carry out different courses in the process of social and historical development. There are various differences in the feudal lord system because of the differences in the historical development conditions of the Zhuang minority area of Guangxi and the Dai nationality in Xishuangbanna. First, the feudal lord system of the two has a close relationship with the geographical position of the feudal lord system for many years. The difference of the feudal lords has resulted in the different development of feudal lords. The land of Western Guangxi is relatively poor than Xishuangbanna, the low social productivity, the heavy exploitation of the feudal lords, the strong resistance of the peasants, and the more easily intensifying social contradictions, so it is easier to accelerate the social change from the interior, and thus accelerate the disappearance of the feudal lord system; and the Dai nationality region in Xishuangbanna It is because of its superior natural conditions and rich and plentiful resources. Although it is a broad and thin harvest, it does not affect the quality of life of the peasants. The peasants' life is rich and comfortable, and the secludness of the exploitation of feudal lords, the class contradictions between the feudal lords and the peasants are not very sharp, and the rule of the feudal lords has long and firmly established. Moreover, the differences in geography and traffic between the two regions led to the different impact of the foreign economy and culture on the feudal lords, which led to the different development of the feudal lords of the Zhuang and Dai ethnic groups in Xishuangbanna. In the west of Guangxi, the transportation of water along the coast of Youjiang was developed, and since ancient times it was an important transport hub for Guangdong and Southeast Asia in the southwest. In the period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the number of immigrants in Western Guangxi was increasing, and in addition to the influence of western Guangdong merchants in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the social economy and culture of Western Guangxi were much stronger than that of Xishuangbanna. The landlord economy was more widely developed in the west of Guangxi, resulting in the impact and extinction of the feudal lord system, while Xishuangbanna was in the right place. On the contrary, the feudal system of Lords can be maintained and developed for a long time, because of the inconvenient traffic.
Secondly, the influence of the external force on the feudal lord system can not be ignored. Xishuangbanna is located in the southwest border area. In history, the invasion of foreign enemies is the key to the invasion of foreign enemies. The invasion of the foreign enemy and the long war chaos have caused serious trauma to Xishuangbanna, which greatly hindered the development of the social economy and resulted in the long-term stagnation of the Dai society in Xishuangbanna. At the same time, the feudal lords' contradiction between the local people and the local people was also transferred and alleviated by these foreign forces and feudal Tusi, which objectively supported the existence and development of the feudal lord system. In the west of Guangxi, the commodity economy and trade brought by convenient transportation, the Opium species The development of planting and trade also promoted the development of the society to a certain extent, and the development of the feudal landlord economy led to the disappearance of the feudal lord system in the west of Guangxi.
Third, different ethnic psychological characteristics are different to the foreign economic and cultural acceptance, and also have a certain influence on the difference of the development of the feudal lords. The Zhuang is an open and tolerant nation and an inclusive attitude to the foreign culture. It is easier to promote the social change and development. Xishuangbanna's natural geographical conditions are superior. To be satisfied with the status quo, to exclude foreign economy and culture, and to slow the development of society, the Dai society in Xishuangbanna has been in the development stage of feudal lords system for a long time.
In a word, through the discussion of the development course of the formation, development and decline of the feudal lord of the Zhuang and Dai people of the Dai nationality in Xishuangbanna and the early period of the liberation of the Dai nationality of the Dai nationality of Guangxi, the author compares the similarities and differences between the two ethnic areas of the Zhuang nationality of Guangxi and the Dai nationality of Xishuangbanna in the social form of feudal lords. The internal factors of the similarities and differences, hope to understand the common laws experienced by the two ethnic groups in the process of social development, and discover the special experiences of the two ethnic groups, which enrich the field of the study of the Zhuang and Dai feudal society, make up for the shortcomings of the national research, explore the law of the development of the ethnic society in the south, and provide the hair of the Zhuang Dai society. At the same time, it provides a certain practical reference for further grasping the political, economic and cultural development laws of the southern minority areas, giving full play to the regional advantages of the border region economy, evading inferiority, speeding up and promoting the process of the development of the western region and the development of the regional economic development in Southeast Asia.
【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K28

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 藍韶昱;中越邊境土司社會互動與認同研究[D];廣西民族大學;2010年

2 羅敏;何處為家？[D];南京大學;2013年

本文編號：2044705