本文選題：元代 + 明代��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：元明時期,鄂爾多斯高原各民族經(jīng)歷較大的變遷過程。這一時期,先后有蒙古、漢、回及其他民族活躍于高原之上。本文以元明時期的鄂爾多斯高原為研究范圍,分三個時間段探討高原上各民族的分布與變遷過程。全文共分五個部分,第一部分介紹課題研究的意義、方法,并對前人的研究成果進(jìn)行總結(jié)及評述。第二部分主要闡述元朝建立以前至元末鄂爾多斯高原各民族政權(quán)的分布。通過夏、金政權(quán)在鄂爾多斯高原的界限判斷黨項(xiàng)、女真兩個民族分布的大致范圍。此后,由于蒙古騎兵南下,夏、金政權(quán)滅亡,蒙古族開始進(jìn)入鄂爾多斯高原。元朝建立后,元政府通過軍事駐防、移民屯田及畜牧,大量蒙古族、漢族及其他民族進(jìn)入鄂爾多斯高原,在該地區(qū)形成民族遷徙的浪潮。第三部分論述明朝洪武至景泰時期鄂爾多斯高原民族地理概況。隨著明朝軍隊(duì)的北上,元朝勢力退出鄂爾多斯高原,蒙古族呈現(xiàn)大規(guī)模向北遷出、漢族人口由南遷入的特征。明前期以陰山一線為明朝北部防線,但在大批蒙古軍民歸附的情況下,鄂爾多斯高原的南部、西部仍然分布數(shù)量可觀的蒙古族。跟隨漢族一起遷入鄂爾多斯高原者,還有元代逐漸形成的回族人口,但回族相對較少,主要集中于高原西部的寧夏地區(qū)。本文主要以現(xiàn)存清真寺的地理位置推斷回族人口的分布�？傮w來說,明朝前期的鄂爾多斯高原民族分布與變遷是由于明軍統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)爭引起的,隨著政局的穩(wěn)定,大規(guī)模的漢族人口被遷入,形成了以漢族為主體的民族格局。第四部分,明朝中后期,由于明政府放棄戰(zhàn)略要地東勝衛(wèi),蒙古牧騎開始越過黃河重新進(jìn)入鄂爾多斯高原。此后,明政府放棄對鄂爾多斯高原大部地區(qū)的控制,在高原南部構(gòu)建邊墻作為防御工程。因此,延綏與寧夏兩鎮(zhèn)邊墻成為區(qū)分蒙古族與漢族及其他民族在鄂爾多斯高原分布的一條明顯界限。在邊墻以北的蒙古族經(jīng)歷了各部落的爭奪與遷徙。最終,經(jīng)歷百年發(fā)展遷徙的鄂爾多斯部駐牧于高原,并再未離開。在蒙、漢兩個民族爭戰(zhàn)遷徙的同時,回族逐漸發(fā)展壯大。但由于文獻(xiàn)記載只有寥寥數(shù)語,不利于鄂爾多斯高原回族地理分布的研究,只能作大體的推斷。最后,對各個時段民族地理概況進(jìn)行特征、因素及影響分析,深入理解研究區(qū)域內(nèi)各民族的分布及變遷。
[Abstract]:During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the nationalities in Ordos Plateau experienced a great process of change. In this period, Mongolia, Han, Hui and other nationalities were active on the plateau. In this paper, the Ordos Plateau in the Yuan and Ming dynasties is taken as the research scope, and the distribution and vicissitude process of the nationalities on the Plateau are discussed in three periods. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part introduces the significance and methods of the research, and summarizes and comments on the previous research results. The second part mainly expounds the distribution of political power in the Ordos Plateau from the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty to the end of the Yuan Dynasty. In summer, the Jin regime judged the distribution of the two nationalities in the Ordos Plateau. After that, due to Mongolian cavalry south, summer, the fall of the gold regime, Mongols began to enter the Ordos plateau. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan government entered the Ordos Plateau through military garrison, resettlement of land and livestock, a large number of Mongolian, Han and other nationalities, and formed a wave of ethnic migration in this area. The third part discusses the ethnic geography of Ordos Plateau from Hongwu to Jingtai in Ming Dynasty. With the Ming army moving northward, the Yuan Dynasty forces withdrew from the Ordos Plateau, the Mongolian people moved northward in a large scale, and the Han nationality moved in from the south. In the early Ming Dynasty, the line of Yinshan was regarded as the northern line of defense in Ming Dynasty, but in the case of large numbers of Mongolian soldiers and civilians, the southern and western parts of the Ordos Plateau still had a considerable number of Mongolians. Those who moved to Ordos Plateau with the Han nationality, and the Hui people gradually formed in Yuan Dynasty, but the Hui nationality is relatively few, mainly concentrated in Ningxia region in the western part of the plateau. This paper inferred the distribution of the Hui population from the geographical location of the existing mosques. In general, the distribution and changes of the ethnic groups in the Ordos Plateau in the early Ming Dynasty were caused by the unification war of the Ming army. With the stability of the political situation, the large-scale Han population was moved in, forming a national pattern with the Han nationality as the main body. In the fourth part, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, because the Ming government gave up the strategic land Dongsheng Wei, Mongolia pastoral riding began to cross the Yellow River and re-enter the Ordos Plateau. Since then, the Ming government has relinquished control of much of the Ordos Plateau and built sidewalls in the southern part of the plateau as a defense project. Therefore, Yansui and Ningxia two towns wall become a clear boundary to distinguish Mongolian, Han and other nationalities in Ordos Plateau. To the north of the wall, the Mongols experienced the struggle and migration of various tribes. Finally, after a hundred years of development and migration, Ordos ministry grazing in the plateau, and never left. At the same time, the Hui nationality gradually developed and strengthened as the Mongolian and Han ethnic groups fought and migrated. However, only a few words are recorded in the literature, which is not conducive to the study of the geographical distribution of the Hui nationality in the Ordos Plateau. Finally, this paper analyzes the characteristics, factors and influences of the national geography in each period, and deeply understands the distribution and changes of the ethnic groups in the study area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K28

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本文編號：1970065