本文選題：苗族 + 蠱　； 參考：《中央民族大學》2005年碩士論文

【摘要】：蠱是古代傳說中把許多毒蟲放在器皿里使相互吞食,最后剩下不死的毒蟲叫蠱,用來放在食物中害人。盡管人們往往想象苗人放蠱,但是在漢人社會中有關(guān)放蠱的巫術(shù)想象和指控的歷史更為悠久。漢人的巫蠱觀念是基于對疾病原因的想象和對巫術(shù)行為的想象而衍生出的混合產(chǎn)品。 明清時期,大量的漢人移民進入西南地區(qū)。在他們周圍是不熟悉的自然環(huán)境和敵對的少數(shù)民族。新環(huán)境里遭受的許多疾病在中醫(yī)里被診斷為蠱疾。漢人移民對周圍的各種潛在危險感到不安和憂慮。漢人開始想象南方的少數(shù)民族使用蠱毒來毒害他們的,并對此保持警惕。明清以來,苗漢矛盾加劇,苗人不斷地爆發(fā)起義。由于苗漢之間有顯著差異的社會結(jié)構(gòu)、文化實踐和文化觀念以及雙方維持顯著民族邊界的愿望造成了漢人對苗人的巫蠱想象。特別是想象苗人婦女放蠱。這種想象借助疾病、謠言以及文化產(chǎn)品使?jié)h人對苗人感到恐懼。 苗人社會內(nèi)部也同樣存在著對于特定人群的類似的想象和指控。沒有證據(jù)表明苗人的這種巫蠱觀念是原生的。相反,它們可能是在苗漢文化交流中漢人巫蠱觀念傳入的結(jié)果。苗人社會用強烈的鬼神觀念內(nèi)化漢人巫蠱觀念的結(jié)果。 苗人社會由于巫蠱信仰的存在形成了對于所謂有“蠱”人家的心照不宣的排斥和封鎖。有“蠱”的人被其他人認為是不潔凈的、危險的,應當加以警惕并與之保持距離。特別是在婚姻中人們盡量避免與有“蠱”的人家開親。對祖先的崇敬和現(xiàn)實的壓力迫使這種婚姻禁忌一直長期存在。 不僅漢人社會利用巫蠱對苗人進行巫術(shù)想象和指控,其他一些少數(shù)民族也對苗人進行類似的想象和指控。而在苗人社會內(nèi)部,人們又對那些房族小、社會關(guān)系差人緣不好、遷居卻不能融入當?shù)厣鐣纳贁?shù)人進行想象和指控。 巫蠱是一種對于他者的巫術(shù)想象和惡意指控,人們通過這種想象和指控力圖構(gòu)建和改變一定的社會關(guān)系和權(quán)利關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The ancient legend put many venomous insects in utensils to devour each other, and the last undead venomous insects were called vu, which were used in food to harm people. Although people often imagine Miao people playing tricks, there is a longer history of witchcraft and accusations of witchcraft in Han Chinese society. Han people's idea of witchcraft is based on the imagination of disease cause and witchcraft behavior. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, a large number of Han immigrants entered southwest China. They are surrounded by unfamiliar natural environments and hostile minorities. Many of the diseases suffered in the new environment have been diagnosed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Han Chinese immigrants felt uneasy and worried about the potential dangers around them. Han people began to imagine and watch out for the use of poison by ethnic minorities in the south. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, Miao Han contradictions intensified, Miao people continued to erupt intifada. Due to the social structure, cultural practice and cultural concept, and the desire of both sides to maintain the distinct national boundary, the Han people's imagination of witchcraft against the Miao people is caused by the remarkable differences between them. Especially imagine Miao women playing a trick. This imagination uses disease, rumors and cultural products to make Han people fearful of Miao people. Miao people also exist within the society for specific groups of similar imagination and accusation. There is no evidence that the Miao people's idea of witchcraft is primitive. On the contrary, they may be the result of the introduction of the idea of witchcraft in Miao-Han cultural exchange. The result of the Miao people's society internalizing the Han people's idea of witchcraft and witchcraft with a strong concept of ghosts and gods. Because of the existence of witchcraft belief, Miao people's society had tacitly repelled and blockaded the so-called "Gu" people. A person who has a "goon" is considered unclean and dangerous by others, and should be vigilant and keep a distance from it. Especially in marriage, people try to avoid with people with the "Gu" family. Reverence for ancestors and realistic pressure have forced such marital taboos to persist for a long time. Not only did the Han people use witchcraft to imagine and accuse the Miao people, but also some other minority nationalities made similar imaginations and accusations against the Miao people. In the Miao people's society, people imagine and accuse a few people who are small in houses, poor in social relations, but unable to integrate into the local society. Witchcraft is a kind of witchcraft imagination and malicious accusation against others, through which people try to construct and change certain social relations and power relations.
【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：K281.6

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