發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-02 05:42

  本文選題：共和國(guó)初期 + 北京市��； 參考：《首都師范大學(xué)》2008年博士論文

【摘要】： 晚清以來(lái),中國(guó)的城市基層行政管理體制開始由傳統(tǒng)向現(xiàn)代轉(zhuǎn)變。為了增強(qiáng)社會(huì)控制和抽取基層資源,國(guó)家政權(quán)竭力向基層擴(kuò)張,加強(qiáng)了城區(qū)基層政權(quán)建設(shè)。 抗戰(zhàn)勝利后,國(guó)民黨在北平市城區(qū)建立了基層政權(quán),并形成了黨、政兩套控制體制。國(guó)民政府在北平設(shè)置了基層政權(quán),其特點(diǎn)可以概括為四句話:力量薄弱的區(qū)公所;背離初衷的保甲制度;相對(duì)完整的警察系統(tǒng);虛弱的黨務(wù)系統(tǒng)。事實(shí)上,國(guó)民政府在北平城區(qū)的基層建政并不成功。 1949年1月31日,北平和平解放。沒有城市管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)的中共面臨著嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn),如何建立符合中共自身運(yùn)作,又適合大城市管理特點(diǎn)的基層政權(quán)成為了中共的重要任務(wù)。 在城市基層行政管理體制上,中共北平市委向各區(qū)派遣了區(qū)工作委員會(huì),按照農(nóng)村革命根據(jù)地的經(jīng)驗(yàn),在北平成立了市政府—區(qū)政府—街政府三級(jí)管理體制的政權(quán)。很快,中共認(rèn)識(shí)到這種模式不適合以“集中”為特點(diǎn)的城市,因此不斷調(diào)整。到1954年,北京市城區(qū)基層政權(quán)基本定型:區(qū)成為了一級(jí)政權(quán)的地位已經(jīng)確定,機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置不斷完善,城區(qū)區(qū)劃不斷調(diào)整,并形成了以中共區(qū)委為核心的運(yùn)作機(jī)制;在街道管理體制上,街道辦事處和居委會(huì)管理體制形成標(biāo)志著中共管理街道的體制基本定型。 中共政權(quán)要獲得大多數(shù)北京市民的支持就必須切實(shí)為大多數(shù)群眾解決實(shí)際問題。中共基層政權(quán)在入城之后的施政工作主要從如下三個(gè)方面逐步開展:秩序建設(shè)、政權(quán)的常規(guī)工作與組織群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)。中共建立的城區(qū)基層政權(quán)的施政方式既有一般基層政權(quán)的共性,也有中共自身特殊性,這種特殊性是由于其政權(quán)性質(zhì)、政權(quán)建設(shè)的目的和運(yùn)作方式的不同而出現(xiàn)的。 中共的基層黨員與基層干部建設(shè)是基層政權(quán)建設(shè)的重要組成部分。中共在北京基層建政的成功與中共在北京市組建和培養(yǎng)了一支合格的基層干部隊(duì)伍和基層黨員隊(duì)伍密切相關(guān)。共和國(guó)初期,北京市基層政權(quán)的干部主要有三個(gè)來(lái)源:參與和平接管的干部、留用人員與進(jìn)城之后不斷地吸收新的干部。中共通過(guò)其組織的優(yōu)勢(shì)將這三種力量組成了一個(gè)富有戰(zhàn)斗力的團(tuán)體。作為一個(gè)執(zhí)政黨,其運(yùn)作方式發(fā)生了很大轉(zhuǎn)變,中共黨支部的公開、地下黨員找接整編、基層黨員在城區(qū)的擴(kuò)張、黨員的整頓與教育明顯體現(xiàn)了這種變化。通過(guò)黨的建設(shè),中共將自己的力量滲透到了城區(qū)的各個(gè)角落,中共的政策得到有力的貫徹,中共的意識(shí)形態(tài)得到了有效的滲透,基層政權(quán)也加強(qiáng)了對(duì)北京市城區(qū)的整合能力,基層政權(quán)得以鞏固。 共和國(guó)初期,北京市各區(qū)實(shí)行區(qū)各級(jí)人民代表會(huì)議的基層政權(quán)組織形式,其是人民代表大會(huì)形成和發(fā)展的歷程中基層政權(quán)的一種過(guò)渡的組織形式�！皡f(xié)商”是中共民主的核心,區(qū)各界人民代表會(huì)議通過(guò)協(xié)商選舉了兩次區(qū)政府委員,在各界的協(xié)商下,各區(qū)區(qū)政府委員選舉的結(jié)果基本上符合中共對(duì)新民主主義政權(quán)的設(shè)計(jì)。區(qū)各界人民代表會(huì)議是一個(gè)民意機(jī)構(gòu),但理論與實(shí)踐總是有一段距離,中共基層政權(quán)在實(shí)際運(yùn)作中逐步地將區(qū)各界人民代表會(huì)議變成了推動(dòng)中心工作、實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)動(dòng)員的一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)。 中共建立的基層工會(huì)在基層建政過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了重要作用。中共為了獲得工人支持,組建中共自己領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的工會(huì)成為了中共進(jìn)城之后一個(gè)重要任務(wù)。中共成立了行政機(jī)構(gòu)——工會(huì)辦事處,并在各大廠和各行業(yè)建立了群眾組織——基層工會(huì)。共和國(guó)初期,基層工會(huì)主要發(fā)揮了兩方面的作用:其一,協(xié)助政府推動(dòng)中心工作,尤其是在調(diào)節(jié)勞資關(guān)系、發(fā)展生產(chǎn)中發(fā)揮了重要作用;其二,使國(guó)家基層政權(quán)建設(shè)更加深入,在工廠中摧毀了舊有的工會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu),建立了符合中共意愿的組織機(jī)構(gòu),向工人傳播中共的意識(shí)形態(tài)。共和國(guó)初期工會(huì)組織國(guó)家化趨勢(shì)非常明顯,工會(huì)的立場(chǎng)與國(guó)家立場(chǎng)完全一致,當(dāng)三大改造完成后,工會(huì)的對(duì)立面資產(chǎn)階級(jí)消失,工會(huì)的黃金時(shí)期也隨之結(jié)束。 構(gòu)建具有中共特色的政治文化是共和國(guó)初期北京市基層政權(quán)建設(shè)的重要組成部分。中共城區(qū)基層政權(quán)非常重視政治文化的構(gòu)建,中共建立基層政權(quán)的過(guò)程也是將自己的政治亞文化上升為主流政治文化的過(guò)程。北京市基層政權(quán)在推進(jìn)政治文化建設(shè)過(guò)程中對(duì)以下三個(gè)方面格外注意:培養(yǎng)市民對(duì)新政權(quán)的認(rèn)同意識(shí);培養(yǎng)市民階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)意識(shí);培養(yǎng)人民反帝反美意識(shí)。 總體來(lái)說(shuō),中共在北京建立基層政權(quán)的過(guò)程,既特點(diǎn)鮮明又比較順利。
[Abstract]:Since the late Qing Dynasty, China's urban grass-roots administrative management system began to change from traditional to modern. In order to enhance social control and extraction of grass-roots resources, the state power has tried to expand to the grass-roots level, strengthening the construction of grass-roots political power in urban areas.
After the victory of the war of resistance, the Kuomintang established the grass-roots political power in the city of Beiping City, and formed two sets of control systems for the party and government. The national government set up the grass-roots regime in Beiping. Its characteristics can be summarized as four sentences: weak power District Office; the system that deviated from the original intention; a relatively complete police system; a weak party system. In fact, nationals. The government did not succeed at the grass-roots level in the city of Beiping.
In January 31, 1949, Beiping was emancipated peacefully. The Communist Party of China, without the experience of urban management, was faced with a severe test. It was an important task for the Communist Party of China to establish a grass-roots regime that was in line with the operation of the Communist Party of China and suitable for the management of large cities.
In the urban grass-roots administrative management system, the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China dispatched a district work committee to each district. According to the experience of the rural revolutionary base areas, the government of the three level management system of the municipal government - the district government - the street government was set up in Beiping. By 1954, the basic regime of the grass-roots political power in Beijing city was basically established: the status of the first level regime has been established, the establishment of the institutions has been perfected, the district division is constantly adjusted, and the operation mechanism is formed with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In the street management system, the management system of the street offices and the neighborhood committees symbolizes the management of the Communist Party of China. The system of the street is basically fixed.
In order to obtain the support of the majority of the Beijing citizens, the political power of the majority of the people of the Communist Party of China must effectively solve the practical problems for the majority of the masses. The administrative work of the grass-roots political power of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China is gradually carried out from the following three aspects: the construction of order, the routine work of the regime and the organization of the mass movement. There are generalities of general grass-roots political power and the special nature of the Communist Party of China. This special nature is due to the nature of its power and the different purpose and mode of operation of the political power.
The construction of grass-roots party members and grass-roots cadres in the Communist Party of China is an important part of the construction of grass-roots political power. The success of the CPC's grass-roots political construction in Beijing is closely related to the establishment and training of a qualified grass-roots cadre team and the grass-roots party members in Beijing. In the early Republic of the Republic, there were three main sources of the cadres at the grass-roots level in Beijing. As a ruling party, the Communist Party branch of the Communist Party of China has changed a lot, the Communist Party branch of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China, the subterranean party members seek to reorganize, and the grass-roots party members are in the urban area. Through the construction of the party, the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China has penetrated into every corner of the city, the Communist Party's policy has been effectively carried out, the Communist Party's ideology has been effectively permeated, the grass-roots power has also strengthened the integration of the urban area of Beijing, and the grass-roots regime is able to do so. Consolidate.
In the early days of the Republic, the grass-roots political power organization of the people's representatives conferences at all levels in Beijing was carried out. It was a transitional organizational form of the grass-roots political power in the course of the formation and development of the people's Congress. "Consultation" was the core of the Democratic Party of the Communist Party of China. The people's representatives of all walks of life voted for the election of two district government members through negotiation, and in each district. Under the consultations of the community, the results of the election of the members of the district government members basically conform to the design of the Communist Party of China for the new democratic regime. The District People's Representatives Conference is a public opinion, but the theory and practice always have a distance, and the grass-roots political power of the Communist Party of China gradually transforms the people's representatives from all walks of life into the work of promoting the center in the actual operation. An institution for the realization of social mobilization.
At the grass-roots level, the Communist Party of China has played an important role in the grass-roots construction process. In order to obtain workers' support, the organization of the Communist Party of China's own leadership has become an important task after the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China. The Communist Party of China established the administrative organization, the trade union office, and established the mass organizations in the major factories and the various industries - the grass-roots Union. In the early days of the Republic, the grass-roots trade unions played a major role in two aspects: first, it helped the government to promote the work of the center, especially in regulating labor and capital relations and developing production. Secondly, it made the construction of the country's grass-roots political power more deep, destroyed the old trade unions in the factory, and established the organization machine that conforms to the wishes of the Communist Party of China. The ideology of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China was spread to the workers. The trend of nationalization of the union organization in the early days of the Republic was very obvious. The position of the trade union was in full agreement with the national standpoint. When the three major reforms were completed, the opposite bourgeoisie of the trade union disappeared and the golden age of the Trade Union ended.
The construction of political culture with the characteristics of the Communist Party of China is an important part of the construction of the grass-roots political power in Beijing in the early days of the Republic. The grass-roots political power of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to the construction of political culture. The process of establishing the grass-roots political power of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China is also the process of raising its Political Subculture into the mainstream political culture. The grass-roots political power in Beijing is advancing. In the process of political and cultural construction, we should pay special attention to the following three aspects: to cultivate citizens' awareness of the new regime, to cultivate the consciousness of the civil class struggle and to cultivate the anti imperialist and anti American consciousness of the people.
Generally speaking, the process of establishing a grass-roots regime in Beijing is characterized by clear-cut and smooth progress.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K29

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 廖勝平;北京游民改造研究（1949-1953）[D];中共中央黨校;2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張世定;澤庫(kù)縣政權(quán)建設(shè)研究（1953-1957）[D];蘭州大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：1832592