本文關(guān)鍵詞： 甘丹頗章地方政權(quán) 噶倫喇嘛 制度　出處：《西藏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：青藏高原獨(dú)特的自然環(huán)境、宗教信仰、文化特性等使藏民族在歷史發(fā)展過程中逐漸形成了具有自身特點(diǎn)的社會制度。處在西藏歷史發(fā)展過程中的重大轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)時期,建立的甘丹頗章地方政權(quán),借鑒薩迦地方政權(quán)和帕木竹巴地方政權(quán)時期的行政制度,形成了活佛轉(zhuǎn)世式政教合一為基本制度,其行政體制、職官制度等各方面具有甘丹頗章地方政權(quán)自身特點(diǎn)的新內(nèi)容。噶倫喇嘛制度就是其中具有代表性的職官制度之一。西藏地方噶倫喇嘛制度歷經(jīng)一百四十多年的歷史,從初期的設(shè)立、中期的廢止和后期的恢復(fù)等一系列的有關(guān)歷史過程中的變化不僅體現(xiàn)了甘丹頗章時期的政治制度,更表現(xiàn)出了具有地域特點(diǎn)的西藏地方政治制度的特殊性、時代性和限制性。并且體現(xiàn)了活佛與教派聯(lián)合執(zhí)掌政教權(quán)利,即政教合一制度下的僧俗官員職務(wù)分類的特點(diǎn)及承擔(dān)的義務(wù)和享有的權(quán)力等,論述以上的過程也能體現(xiàn)其研究的價值。據(jù)筆者目前所收集到的關(guān)于噶倫喇嘛研究方面的資料而言,關(guān)于這方面的專門研究的文章屈指可數(shù)。以往在研究甘丹頗章時期政治制度、僧俗官員和貴族世家等內(nèi)容時,或多或少涉及到有關(guān)噶倫喇嘛的內(nèi)容,只是些零零散散的浮光掠影而已,因此,缺乏系統(tǒng)性和整體性的研究。筆者以搜集的史料或教法、傳記、公文及文史資料等相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)為依據(jù),將其中涉及噶倫喇嘛的內(nèi)容加以整理的基礎(chǔ)上對噶倫喇嘛的活動進(jìn)行較客觀敘述,并探析噶倫喇嘛制度的歷史地位和其對甘丹頗章時期的社會所起的正反兩方面的作用及影響。故,以下是本論文的三個章節(jié)的組成部分:第一章由兩個部分構(gòu)成。首先由組成噶倫制度的四位噶倫中,被稱為噶倫喇嘛的僧人,為何不稱僧人噶倫而稱噶倫喇嘛的原因入手。根據(jù)噶倫喇嘛之稱謂在藏漢史料中不同記載,較詳細(xì)地整理并分析了其特殊的稱謂的緣由。接著在總結(jié)公元1751之前甘丹頗章時期為何把噶倫之稱重置于行政官吏中的問題,最后較全面的剖析了建立噶倫喇嘛是以何種基礎(chǔ)制度、政治立場和社會背景為目的而建立的。第二章由三個部分構(gòu)成。首先論述了不同時期選拔僧俗官員的制度,并分析了其官邸和莊園的安排,以及噶倫喇嘛有別于他人的特殊著裝及其內(nèi)涵。其次分析了噶倫喇嘛制度的設(shè)置變化發(fā)展過程,即最先初設(shè)、中間廢止、后來重設(shè)等的歷史段和原因等。最后,通過比較論述了噶倫喇嘛與俗官噶倫、總管堪布和大仲譯(秘書)等僧俗官員的職稱及其特點(diǎn)。本論文的最后一章在根據(jù)各種史料和傳記等相關(guān)資料的記載中,整理了噶倫喇嘛和代理噶倫喇嘛、額外噶倫喇嘛的數(shù)量并做了簡要的介紹,且較全面的解析了噶倫喇嘛、代任喇嘛和額外噶倫喇嘛的區(qū)別。綜上所述,最后以總結(jié)的形式來論證了噶倫喇嘛制度對甘丹頗章時期產(chǎn)生的影響和作用。
[Abstract]:The unique natural environment, religious beliefs and cultural characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have made the Tibetan people gradually form their own social systems in the course of historical development, and are at a major turning point in the course of the historical development of Tibet. Gantanpo local regime was established, drawing lessons from the local regime of Sakya and the local regime of Parmuzhuba, formed the living Buddha reincarnation of politics and religion as the basic system, its administrative system, The official system and other aspects are new contents with the characteristics of the local political power in Gandan. The Kellen Lama system is one of the representative official systems. The Tibetan local Kellen Lama system has a history of more than 140 years. From the establishment of the initial period, the abolition of the middle period and the restoration of the later period, a series of changes in the historical process not only reflected the political system of the period of Gandan Pak, but also showed the particularity of the local political system of Tibet with regional characteristics. In addition, it embodies the right of the living Buddha and the sects to jointly run the state and religion, that is, the characteristics of the classification of the posts of monks and vulgar officials under the system of unity of the state and religion, and the obligations and powers that they enjoy, and so on. The discussion of the above process can also reflect the value of its research. According to the data collected by the author on the study of the Kellon Lama, Few articles have been devoted to this area. In the past, when studying the political system, monks and customs officials, and aristocratic families during the period of Gandan Pak, it was more or less concerned with the contents of the Kellen Lama. It is only a few scattered flashes, therefore, there is a lack of systematic and holistic research. The author based on the collected historical materials or teaching methods, biographies, official documents and literary and historical materials and other relevant documents as the basis, On the basis of sorting out the contents of the Kellen Lama, the activities of the Kellen Lama are described objectively. It also analyzes the historical status of the Kellen Lama system and its positive and negative effects on the society in the period of Gandan Paozhang. The following are the components of the three chapters of this thesis: the first chapter is composed of two parts. Starting with the reasons for not calling the monk Gallon but the Kellen Lama. According to the different records in Tibetan and Han history, The reasons for its special appellation were sorted out and analyzed in more detail. Then, in summing up the question of why the name of Kellen was put back in the administrative officials during the period of Gantanpo before AD 1751, At last, it analyzes the basic system, political standpoint and social background of the Kellen Lama. The second chapter is composed of three parts. Firstly, the paper discusses the system of selecting monks and vulgar officials in different periods. It also analyzes the arrangement of the residence and manor, and the special dress and connotation of the Kellon Lama, which is different from others. Secondly, the paper analyzes the process of setting up and developing the system of the Kellon Lama, that is, it is first set up, and abolished in the middle. Finally, through the comparison of the Kellen Lama and the vulgar official, Kellon, In the last chapter of this paper, according to the records of various historical materials and biographies, the author arranges the Kellen Lama and the representative Kellen Lama. The number of additional Kellon lamas is introduced briefly, and the differences among the Kellen lamas, the substitute lamas and the extra Kellen lamas are analyzed in a more comprehensive way. Finally, in the form of summary, the influence and function of the Kellen Lama system on the period of Gandan Paozhang are demonstrated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西藏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K29

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