本文關(guān)鍵詞：內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)蒙元城鎮(zhèn)研究　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2009年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】： 古代城鎮(zhèn)的研究,是考古學(xué)、歷史學(xué)研究的一個(gè)重要方面,城市制度往往反映的是一個(gè)王朝政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化等各個(gè)方面的縮影。 內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)的大部分處于歷史學(xué)界所慣稱的“中國北方長城地帶”或者“中國北方長城文化帶”之中。這一條形文化分布帶在中國歷史上有著特殊的意義,是農(nóng)耕文化與游牧文化的分界帶。 內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)漢代以來修筑的城址,以中原王朝抵御北方民族的軍事性邊城為主。到蒙元時(shí)期,內(nèi)蒙古由以前的邊疆地區(qū)演變?yōu)檫B接漠北邊疆與漢地之間的交通要地,是大元大蒙古國夏都所在地,城鎮(zhèn)迅速崛起,為以前歷朝歷代所罕見,最終出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)以上都為中心、以各路級(jí)治所和諸王王府為主要依托、輔以府州縣治所和各級(jí)投下城鎮(zhèn)的草原城鎮(zhèn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),在今內(nèi)蒙古境內(nèi),蒙元時(shí)期的城鎮(zhèn)遺址計(jì)有85座之多,具有鮮明的地理特征、時(shí)代特征和民族特點(diǎn)。 前人對內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)蒙元城鎮(zhèn)的研究,多集中于一些個(gè)體,如元上都、應(yīng)昌路、亦集乃路和鄂倫蘇木古城等,對它們作綜合性研究的著作尚未有見到。因此,在目前考古學(xué)資料積累較為充分的情況下,對內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)的蒙元城鎮(zhèn)作一次全面系統(tǒng)的梳理,已是十分必要。 本文對內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)蒙元城鎮(zhèn)的研究,主要包括了城鎮(zhèn)行政建制考證、分類研究和與城鎮(zhèn)相關(guān)的政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化功用探討以及城鎮(zhèn)居民的社會(huì)生活與禮俗等數(shù)個(gè)方面。 蒙元時(shí)期的內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū),分別隸屬于中書省、陜西行省、甘肅行省和遼陽行省管轄,東部一帶為東道諸王的封地。結(jié)合內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)蒙元城鎮(zhèn)的分布,運(yùn)用歷史地理學(xué)的方法,對這些城鎮(zhèn)的歷史沿革、行政建制等一一作了詳盡的考證。 對于內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)蒙元城鎮(zhèn)的分類研究方面,主要運(yùn)用了考古類型學(xué)的方法,將內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)的蒙元城鎮(zhèn)分為6大類,分別為都城、路府州縣設(shè)治城鎮(zhèn)、投下城鎮(zhèn)、屯田城鎮(zhèn)、驛站城鎮(zhèn)和其他城鎮(zhèn)等。部分大類之下還可以細(xì)分為若干小類,如路府州縣設(shè)治城鎮(zhèn)下可再分為路級(jí)、府級(jí)和縣級(jí)三類治所城鎮(zhèn)。對于這些不同類別的城鎮(zhèn),從其規(guī)模、布局和保留下來的遺存等方面作了綜合研究介紹。 對于城鎮(zhèn)政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化狀況的研究以及對城鎮(zhèn)居民社會(huì)生活與禮俗的探討,則采用了考古學(xué)資料與歷史學(xué)史料相結(jié)合的方法,即前人所謂的“二重證據(jù)法”。 在政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化等方面,內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)的蒙元城鎮(zhèn)可以概括出五點(diǎn)顯著的特征:①一些投下城鎮(zhèn)雖列入國家的統(tǒng)一行政建制,但其本質(zhì)無異于貴族的私家財(cái)產(chǎn),城市的功能也主要是為貴族家族設(shè)置的。②路府州縣設(shè)治城鎮(zhèn)以沿襲金代和西夏的同級(jí)城池為主,它們的布局受制于前代的規(guī)模,和遼金、西夏有文化上的傳承性。這些城鎮(zhèn)與其北部的投下城鎮(zhèn)相互輝映,體現(xiàn)了蒙元王朝“內(nèi)蒙外漢”的二元政治體制特點(diǎn)。③發(fā)現(xiàn)的大量中、小型城鎮(zhèn),有的行政建制雖無法確認(rèn),但可以肯定的是,它們大多為軍事屯田所或驛站,軍事性是其第一特征。政治性和軍事性是中國歷代城鎮(zhèn)的主要特點(diǎn),在內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)的蒙元城鎮(zhèn)中亦有著明顯的體現(xiàn)。④漠南是世祖忽必烈的發(fā)跡之地,與漠北一樣受到優(yōu)待,漢地的財(cái)富被大量地運(yùn)到這一地區(qū),供諸王貴族揮霍享用,城市經(jīng)濟(jì)一度繁榮。農(nóng)民起義軍討元檄文中“貧極江南,富稱塞北”的說法,并非不實(shí)夸張之辭。⑤宗教信仰具有多元性,對各類宗教和神祗兼收并蓄。 蒙元城鎮(zhèn)居民的社會(huì)生活與禮俗方面,從考古學(xué)上觀察,分布于城鎮(zhèn)周邊的墓葬是最為直觀的內(nèi)容。生居死葬,在這些城鎮(zhèn)的周邊,往往會(huì)保留下來成片的同時(shí)期居民墓地,有蒙古貴族與平民的墓葬,有漢人貴族官僚與平民的墓葬,也有汪古部族和回回民族的墓葬。這些不同民族、不同階層居民的墓葬,在埋葬結(jié)構(gòu)、隨葬品內(nèi)容等方面各不相同,除切實(shí)地展示出他們五花八門的喪葬習(xí)俗外,還隱藏著許多反映當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)生活的內(nèi)容。城鎮(zhèn)居民的衣食住行是社會(huì)生活與習(xí)俗方面探討的重要內(nèi)容,經(jīng)考古發(fā)掘的元上都、集寧路和燕家梁遺址等,出土的大量遺跡遺物,與史料記載互相印證、補(bǔ)充,呈現(xiàn)出一幅幅鮮活的城鎮(zhèn)居民社會(huì)生活畫面。 對于內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)蒙元城鎮(zhèn)的研究,有助于進(jìn)一步理解蒙元帝國的形成、發(fā)展與北遁的歷史進(jìn)程,對于今天內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)也具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The study of ancient towns is an important aspect of Archaeology and historical research. Urban system often reflects the epitome of a dynasty's politics, military, economy and culture.
Most of Inner Mongolia is in the "the Great Wall belt of northern China" or "North China the Great Wall culture belt", which is commonly used by historians. This cultural distribution belt has a special significance in Chinese history, which is the dividing line between farming culture and nomadic culture.
Inner Mongolia city built in the Han Dynasty, the Central Plains Dynasty against the North ethnic military border. To the Yuan Dynasty, the evolution of Inner Mongolia by the former border area for the connection between the Chinese frontier and Mobei transportation site, is located in Mongolia Dayuan Xia Town, the rapid rise of previous dynasties are rare. Finally there is a more than as the center, to the level of the kings palace and legacy as the main support, supplemented by the county government, government and all levels of investment under the town grassland town network. According to statistics, in present-day Inner Mongolia, the Yuan Dynasty ruins of the town a total of 85 seats, with distinct geographical features. The characteristics of the times and national characteristics.
The previous research on Inner Mongolia region in the yuan town, more concentrated in some individuals, such as the yuan, should Chang Road, yijinailu road and Hubei Lun hematoxylin such as the ancient city of comprehensive, their research works have not been seen. Therefore, in the current archaeological data accumulated more fully under the condition of a comprehensive analysis of Inner Mongolia area in Yuan Town, it is very necessary.
In this paper, the study of the monyuan town in Inner Mongolia area mainly includes textual research on urban administrative system, classified research and related political, military, economic and cultural functions related to towns, as well as social life and etiquette and custom of urban residents.
The Yuan Dynasty in Inner Mongolia area, belonging to the Secretariat, Shaanxi Province, Gansu province and Liaoyang province respectively, as the host of the kings of the East Inner Mongolia area. Combined with the distribution of land area in Yuan Town, using the method of historical geography, the history of the town along the leather, the administrative system were made a detailed textual research.
For the classification of Inner Mongolia region in the yuan town, mainly using the method of archaeological typology, the Inner Mongolia area of the Mongolian Yuan town is divided into 6 categories, respectively, the capital, state and County Rd rule cast towns, towns, farming towns, towns and other post towns. Some categories have can be divided into several categories, such as the state and County Rd rule under the town can be divided into government and county level road, three kinds of legacy town. For these different categories of towns, from its size, layout and the preserved remains as a comprehensive study.
For the study of town politics, military, economic and cultural conditions and the exploration of social life and etiquette and custom of urban residents, archaeological data and historical materials are combined.
In the political, military, economic and cultural aspects, Inner Mongolia area in Yuan town can be summed up five significant features: some cast towns included in the national unity is the administrative system, but its essence is tantamount to the nobility of private property, the function of the city is mainly set up for your family. The Road County government is to follow the rule of urban city Jin and Xixia, their layout is subject to the previous generation scale, and Galerkin, inheriting the Xixia Culture. These towns and towns north of the cast embraced embodies two yuan political system Mongolia Yuan Dynasty "Inner Mongolia Han Dynasty" a large number of small towns. In the discovery, some of the administrative system is unable to confirm, but it is certain that they are mostly military or military garrison post, is the first characteristic. The political and military is the main characteristic of Chinese ancient town In the area of Inner Mongolia, yuan town also has obvious manifestation. The desert south of Kublai Khan is the fortune of the land, and as Mobei favored, Chinese wealth was largely transported to the area for the enjoyment of the kings of the nobility profligacy, the city economic prosperity. Once the uprising yuan for farmers in "extremely poor official accusation of Jiangnan, Fu said that the north" is not an exaggeration. The reality of religious pluralism, various types of religious gods and eclectic.
The social life and customs of Mongolian Yuan of urban residents, from the observation of archaeology, distributed in the towns surrounding the tomb is the most intuitive content. Students in the dead and buried, around the towns, often retained a cemetery in Mongolia residents during the same period, nobles and civilians had Han tombs, bureaucrats and nobles civilians are ancient tombs, Wang clan and the Hui nationality tombs. These different ethnic groups, different levels of residents in the tombs, burial structure, content and other aspects of funerary objects are different, in addition to show they all kinds of funeral customs, many hidden reflected social life of urban residents. The basic necessities of life is an important part of social life and customs, the archaeological excavation of the yuan, Jining road and Yan Jialiang ruins, unearthed relics relics, historical records and mutual supplement is confirmed A vivid picture of the social life of urban residents.
The study of monyuan town in Inner Mongolia area helps to further understand the formation and development of the Yuan Yuan Empire and the historical process of the North dun. It also has a certain reference value for today's urban construction in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K247;K29

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 那布其瑪;蒙元時(shí)期哈撒兒兀魯斯歷史研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1363532