【摘要】：國(guó)家依據(jù)政權(quán)合法的強(qiáng)制力,向農(nóng)民征糧繳稅,本是歷史上國(guó)家與農(nóng)民之間互動(dòng)的焦點(diǎn),亦是常事,然在特殊歷史時(shí)段(如戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、救荒年間)國(guó)家于產(chǎn)糧大區(qū)加大對(duì)糧稅的汲取力度,也往往容易引起民眾的抵制與反抗。歷史進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)中葉,在中國(guó)大陸新舊交替之際,國(guó)家政權(quán)也面臨了同樣的歷史場(chǎng)景。在本文中,筆者以鎮(zhèn)江專區(qū)為例,力圖還原中共政權(quán)于新解放區(qū)獲得糧稅、以確保供應(yīng)軍需民食與調(diào)控國(guó)內(nèi)糧價(jià)的政治動(dòng)員過(guò)程。 本文認(rèn)為,此時(shí)中共于鎮(zhèn)江農(nóng)村的一系列政治與經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng),始終是以糧稅征收為工作核心。通過(guò)春借與夏征中的具體政策調(diào)整與部署,中共開(kāi)始逐步扭轉(zhuǎn)了早期征糧工作的不利局面,但是,此時(shí)在夏征中出現(xiàn)的民眾抗糧事件,讓鎮(zhèn)江地委意識(shí)到有專門組織力量打擊鄉(xiāng)村的不合作者、進(jìn)而保障后期更為艱巨的征糧任務(wù)進(jìn)展的必要,反霸斗爭(zhēng)正是在這樣的背景下被提出與發(fā)動(dòng)的。然而,在各縣委的具體執(zhí)行中,反霸斗爭(zhēng)并沒(méi)有取得預(yù)想的效果,不久即被擱置,但秋征中暴露出群眾不愿繳糧、尾欠嚴(yán)重等問(wèn)題,似已無(wú)法用慣常的征糧手段解決,故地委考慮故技重施,寓經(jīng)濟(jì)目的于政治任務(wù),反霸斗爭(zhēng)又被重新提上議程。而在秋征結(jié)束之后發(fā)起的減租運(yùn)動(dòng),讓我們有理由懷疑秋征任務(wù)完成的有限,減租運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)為又一次向業(yè)主要糧的過(guò)程,從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō),減租運(yùn)動(dòng)可以被視為秋征的繼續(xù)。
[Abstract]:According to the legitimate coercive force of the political power, the state levies grain taxes on farmers, which is the focus of interaction between the state and farmers in history, and it is also common. However, in special historical periods (such as war, famine relief years), it is often easy for countries to increase the absorption of grain taxes in grain production areas, which is often easy to cause resistance and resistance of the people. History entered the middle of the 20 th century, and the state regime faced the same historical scene at the turn of the new and the old in mainland China. In this paper, taking Zhenjiang District as an example, the author tries to restore the political mobilization process of the CPC regime to obtain grain tax in the newly liberated areas in order to ensure the supply of military supplies and the regulation and control of domestic grain prices. This paper holds that the collection of grain tax has always been the core of a series of political and economic activities of the Communist Party of China in Zhenjiang countryside at this time. Through the adjustment and deployment of specific policies in the Spring loan and Summer March, the Communist Party of China began to gradually reverse the unfavorable situation of the early grain collection. However, the people's anti-grain incident in the Summer March made the Zhenjiang prefectural Commission realize the need for special organizational forces to crack down on the non-partners in the countryside, thus ensuring the progress of the more arduous task of grain collection in the later period. The struggle against hegemony was put forward and launched under this background. However, in the concrete implementation of the county party committees, the struggle against hegemony did not achieve the desired results, and was soon shelved. However, the problems such as the masses' reluctance to pay grain and serious arrears in the autumn march seemed unable to be solved by the usual means of grain collection. Therefore, the prefectural party committee considered the old skills and put the economic purpose in the political task, and the struggle against hegemony was put on the agenda again. The rent reduction campaign launched after the end of the Autumn March gives us reason to doubt that the completion of the Autumn March task is limited. The rent reduction campaign is yet another process of asking the owners for food. In this sense, the rent reduction campaign can be regarded as a continuation of the Autumn March.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K27;F326.11

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本文編號(hào)：2502144