蘇區(qū)司法體系述論
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-26 21:22
【摘要】：中華蘇維埃共和國(guó)建立后,為鞏固新生的革命政權(quán),中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨借鑒蘇俄經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上積極動(dòng)員和組織人民,進(jìn)行了卓有成效的政權(quán)建設(shè)。在政權(quán)建設(shè)的過(guò)程中,蘇區(qū)的人民政權(quán)頒布了諸多綱領(lǐng)性文件,制定了一系列法律,進(jìn)行了司法體系的建設(shè)。蘇區(qū)司法體系在特殊的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期,有些司法機(jī)關(guān)的設(shè)置欠妥當(dāng),審判制度不夠健全,司法工作上缺少監(jiān)督,但在當(dāng)時(shí)的條件下,其司法體系仍呈現(xiàn)出獨(dú)有的特色,很多設(shè)置和規(guī)定具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性和進(jìn)步意義。蘇區(qū)的司法體系的建立和完善對(duì)工農(nóng)民主政權(quán)的鞏固和發(fā)展起到了至關(guān)重要的作用,對(duì)以后抗日根據(jù)地政權(quán)和解放區(qū)甚至建國(guó)后的司法制度建設(shè)都有重要的借鑒意義。認(rèn)真總結(jié)蘇區(qū)司法體系的利弊得失,取其精華,棄其糟粕,對(duì)深化我國(guó)當(dāng)前的司法改革,進(jìn)一步完善我國(guó)的司法體系,將會(huì)起到應(yīng)有的積極作用。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)蘇區(qū)司法體系形成過(guò)程的考察以及對(duì)各司法機(jī)關(guān)的具體分析,歸納出蘇區(qū)司法體系的特點(diǎn),總結(jié)了歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn),筆者分七部分進(jìn)行闡述: 第一部分:分析了蘇區(qū)司法體系得以建立和發(fā)展的歷史背景,主要是對(duì)大革命時(shí)期司法機(jī)構(gòu)創(chuàng)設(shè)的繼承,國(guó)民政府司法制度的借鑒,蘇聯(lián)司法經(jīng)驗(yàn)的學(xué)習(xí)。 第二部分:論述了蘇區(qū)的司法組織體系,包括蘇區(qū)政權(quán)創(chuàng)設(shè)初期的司法機(jī)關(guān)和蘇區(qū)政權(quán)鞏固時(shí)期的司法機(jī)關(guān),通過(guò)論述這些司法機(jī)關(guān)的設(shè)立、組織機(jī)構(gòu)和職能,揭示了蘇區(qū)司法組織體系形成過(guò)程中的規(guī)律和特點(diǎn)。 第三部分:介紹了蘇區(qū)的司法行政機(jī)關(guān)--人民司法委員會(huì)的設(shè)立、組織機(jī)構(gòu)和職能,統(tǒng)一了各級(jí)裁判部的審判方針,制定了統(tǒng)一規(guī)范,培訓(xùn)司法人員和司法干部,這樣使蘇區(qū)的審判工作走上正軌。 第四部分:介紹蘇區(qū)特殊的司法機(jī)關(guān)--國(guó)家政治保衛(wèi)局的設(shè)立、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、職能,得出了國(guó)家政治保衛(wèi)局的特點(diǎn),以及它的利弊。 第五部分:論述了蘇區(qū)的審判體系,對(duì)蘇區(qū)的審判原則、審判程序進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)考察,闡明蘇區(qū)審判體系的利弊得失。 第六部分:總結(jié)蘇區(qū)司法體系的特點(diǎn),即重刑事,輕民事,鮮明的階級(jí)性,中央政審分立、地方政審合一,實(shí)行審檢合一制,司法沒(méi)有真正獨(dú)立。 第七部分:總結(jié)蘇區(qū)司法體系建設(shè)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),得出歷史啟示:司法民主是司法公正的重要條件,司法獨(dú)立是司法公正的重要基礎(chǔ),司法監(jiān)督是司法公正的基本保障,法律面前人人平等是司法公正的基本要求。
[Abstract]:After the establishment of the Soviet Republic of China, in order to consolidate the new revolutionary regime, the Communist Party of China actively mobilized and organized the people on the basis of the experience of the Soviet Union and Russia, and carried out effective regime construction. During the process of political power construction, the people's political power in the Soviet area issued many programmatic documents, formulated a series of laws, and carried on the construction of the judicial system. During the special war period, some judicial organs were not set up properly, the judicial system was not perfect enough, and the judicial work was lack of supervision. However, under the conditions of that time, the judicial system still showed its unique characteristics. Many settings and regulations are original and progressive. The establishment and perfection of the judicial system in the Soviet region played a vital role in the consolidation and development of the democratic power of workers and peasants, and it was of great significance for reference to the political power in the anti-Japanese base areas and the construction of the judicial system in the liberated areas and even after the founding of the people's Republic of China. Summing up the advantages and disadvantages of the judicial system in the Soviet region, taking its essence and abandoning its dross will play a positive role in deepening the current judicial reform and further perfecting the judicial system in our country. Based on the investigation of the formation process of the judicial system in the Soviet region and the specific analysis of the judicial organs, this paper sums up the characteristics of the judicial system in the Soviet region and summarizes the historical experiences and lessons. The author is divided into seven parts: the first part: analyzes the historical background of the establishment and development of the judicial system in the Soviet region, mainly on the inheritance of the judicial institutions created during the Great Revolution and the reference of the judicial system of the national government. The study of Soviet judicial experience. The second part discusses the judicial organization system in the Soviet region, including the judicial organs in the early days of the creation of the Soviet regime and the judicial organs in the period of consolidation of the Soviet political power, through which the establishment, organizational structure and functions of these judicial organs are discussed. It reveals the rules and characteristics of the formation of the judicial organization system in the Soviet region. The third part introduces the establishment, organization, and functions of the people's Judicial Committee, the judicial administrative organ in the Soviet region, unifies the judicial principles of the adjudicative departments at all levels, formulates unified norms, and trains judicial personnel and judicial cadres. This put the trial in the Soviet area on the right track. The fourth part introduces the establishment, organization and function of the State political Security Bureau, the special judicial organ in the Soviet area, and draws the characteristics of the National political Security Bureau, as well as its pros and cons. The fifth part discusses the trial system of the Soviet area, the principle of trial and the procedure of the trial in the Soviet area, and expounds the advantages and disadvantages of the trial system in the Soviet area. The sixth part summarizes the characteristics of the judicial system in the Soviet region, that is, emphasizing the criminal, light civil, distinct class nature, the separation of the central government and adjudication, the unity of local government and trial, the implementation of a unified system of trial and inspection, the judiciary is not really independent. The seventh part summarizes the experience and lessons of the construction of the judicial system in the Soviet region and draws the historical enlightenment: judicial democracy is an important condition of judicial justice, judicial independence is the important foundation of judicial justice, judicial supervision is the basic guarantee of judicial justice, and judicial supervision is the basic guarantee of judicial justice. Equality before the law is the basic requirement of justice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D929;K263
本文編號(hào)：2466407
[Abstract]:After the establishment of the Soviet Republic of China, in order to consolidate the new revolutionary regime, the Communist Party of China actively mobilized and organized the people on the basis of the experience of the Soviet Union and Russia, and carried out effective regime construction. During the process of political power construction, the people's political power in the Soviet area issued many programmatic documents, formulated a series of laws, and carried on the construction of the judicial system. During the special war period, some judicial organs were not set up properly, the judicial system was not perfect enough, and the judicial work was lack of supervision. However, under the conditions of that time, the judicial system still showed its unique characteristics. Many settings and regulations are original and progressive. The establishment and perfection of the judicial system in the Soviet region played a vital role in the consolidation and development of the democratic power of workers and peasants, and it was of great significance for reference to the political power in the anti-Japanese base areas and the construction of the judicial system in the liberated areas and even after the founding of the people's Republic of China. Summing up the advantages and disadvantages of the judicial system in the Soviet region, taking its essence and abandoning its dross will play a positive role in deepening the current judicial reform and further perfecting the judicial system in our country. Based on the investigation of the formation process of the judicial system in the Soviet region and the specific analysis of the judicial organs, this paper sums up the characteristics of the judicial system in the Soviet region and summarizes the historical experiences and lessons. The author is divided into seven parts: the first part: analyzes the historical background of the establishment and development of the judicial system in the Soviet region, mainly on the inheritance of the judicial institutions created during the Great Revolution and the reference of the judicial system of the national government. The study of Soviet judicial experience. The second part discusses the judicial organization system in the Soviet region, including the judicial organs in the early days of the creation of the Soviet regime and the judicial organs in the period of consolidation of the Soviet political power, through which the establishment, organizational structure and functions of these judicial organs are discussed. It reveals the rules and characteristics of the formation of the judicial organization system in the Soviet region. The third part introduces the establishment, organization, and functions of the people's Judicial Committee, the judicial administrative organ in the Soviet region, unifies the judicial principles of the adjudicative departments at all levels, formulates unified norms, and trains judicial personnel and judicial cadres. This put the trial in the Soviet area on the right track. The fourth part introduces the establishment, organization and function of the State political Security Bureau, the special judicial organ in the Soviet area, and draws the characteristics of the National political Security Bureau, as well as its pros and cons. The fifth part discusses the trial system of the Soviet area, the principle of trial and the procedure of the trial in the Soviet area, and expounds the advantages and disadvantages of the trial system in the Soviet area. The sixth part summarizes the characteristics of the judicial system in the Soviet region, that is, emphasizing the criminal, light civil, distinct class nature, the separation of the central government and adjudication, the unity of local government and trial, the implementation of a unified system of trial and inspection, the judiciary is not really independent. The seventh part summarizes the experience and lessons of the construction of the judicial system in the Soviet region and draws the historical enlightenment: judicial democracy is an important condition of judicial justice, judicial independence is the important foundation of judicial justice, judicial supervision is the basic guarantee of judicial justice, and judicial supervision is the basic guarantee of judicial justice. Equality before the law is the basic requirement of justice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D929;K263
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