清末民初軍官團(tuán)體專業(yè)化歷程及政治取向研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-17 00:23
【摘要】：甲午戰(zhàn)爭后開始的軍事改革在中國軍事近代化的過程中具有其獨(dú)特的意義。它不僅僅是一場軍事變革,更是一場社會變革。這次的軍事改革由于基本上完全采用西法,在軍隊(duì)的制度餉章、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)、部隊(duì)編制、兵種構(gòu)成、軍事訓(xùn)練、戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù)等方面都發(fā)生了巨大的變化,其中軍官團(tuán)體的構(gòu)成更是發(fā)生了顯著的轉(zhuǎn)變。 管理軍官的組織機(jī)構(gòu)與軍官本身都更注重組織的管理化及專業(yè)化,“專門的知識結(jié)構(gòu)”取代了傳統(tǒng)的“軍階權(quán)威”,軍事專業(yè)主義開始形成。為了維持自身的統(tǒng)治需要,滿清政府斥巨資來發(fā)展軍事事業(yè),而對于社會其他方面的改革則進(jìn)展緩慢。雖然軍官團(tuán)體專業(yè)化運(yùn)動本身因?yàn)樯鐣䲢l件所限遭受了挫折,但專業(yè)軍人團(tuán)體與社會其他階層相比更具有組織性與力量性,軍人的政治取向發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變,這造成了民國初年的軍人干政。為了把失衡的文武關(guān)系重新整合,以孫中山為首的國民黨率先引入了蘇聯(lián)紅軍的“黨軍”體制,希望培養(yǎng)能夠忠于黨的主義而又具備卓越戰(zhàn)斗能力的軍官。然而,國民黨并沒有把“黨軍”體制堅(jiān)持下去,“軍權(quán)”最終壓過了“黨權(quán)”。真正把黨軍體制繼承下來并進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的是中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的軍隊(duì),中國的軍官團(tuán)體由“專業(yè)化”向“革命化”發(fā)展。 本文共分三章。緒論說明選題緣由和研究意義,對該專題進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)史回顧,分析當(dāng)前的研究狀況,闡明研究方法。第一章主要論述軍官專業(yè)化的內(nèi)涵,并簡要介紹晚清軍官專業(yè)化運(yùn)動的時代背景。第二章從軍事專業(yè)的四個方面來重點(diǎn)分析軍官團(tuán)體的變動狀況,探究軍官團(tuán)體的專業(yè)化歷程。第三章重點(diǎn)闡述軍官團(tuán)體政治取向的轉(zhuǎn)變,分析“以黨領(lǐng)軍”模式出現(xiàn)的原因。結(jié)語部分探討軍官由“專業(yè)化”向“革命化”轉(zhuǎn)變的作用與影響,力求得出貼近史實(shí)的認(rèn)識。
[Abstract]:The military reform that began after the Sino-Japanese War of Japan has its unique significance in the process of China's military modernization. It is not only a military change, but also a social change. As a result of the basic adoption of Western France in this military reform, tremendous changes have taken place in the army's system and regulations, leading organizations, force establishment, arms composition, military training, strategy and tactics, and so on. Among them, the composition of the officer group has undergone a significant change. The organization of managing officers and the officers themselves pay more attention to the management and specialization of the organization. "specialized knowledge structure" has replaced the traditional "rank authority", and military professionalism has begun to form. In order to maintain its own rule, the Manchu government spent a lot of money to develop military affairs, while the reform of other aspects of society was slow. Although the professionalization movement of officers' groups itself suffered setbacks because of the limitations of social conditions, professional military groups were more organized and more powerful than other social strata, and the political orientation of military personnel had changed. This led to military intervention in the early years of the Republic of China. In order to reintegrate the unbalanced civil-military relations, the Kuomintang led by Sun Zhongshan took the lead in introducing the "party-army" system of the Soviet Red Army, hoping to train officers who could be loyal to the Party's doctrine and had excellent fighting ability. However, the KMT did not persist in the "Party and Army" system, "military power" over the "Party's power." It is the army led by the Communist Party of China that really inherits and further develops the system of the Party and army, and the officers' organizations in China have developed from "specialization" to "revolutionization". This paper is divided into three chapters. The introduction explains the reason and significance of the topic, reviews the academic history of the topic, analyzes the current research situation, and clarifies the research methods. The first chapter mainly discusses the connotation of officer specialization and briefly introduces the background of the late Qing Dynasty officer specialization movement. The second chapter mainly analyzes the change of officer group from four aspects of military specialty, and probes into the course of officer group specialization. The third chapter focuses on the transformation of the political orientation of officers' groups, and analyzes the reasons for the emergence of the model of "leading by the Party". The conclusion part discusses the function and influence of officers' transformation from "specialization" to "revolutionization", and tries to get a close understanding of historical facts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：E221;K25
本文編號：2383308
[Abstract]:The military reform that began after the Sino-Japanese War of Japan has its unique significance in the process of China's military modernization. It is not only a military change, but also a social change. As a result of the basic adoption of Western France in this military reform, tremendous changes have taken place in the army's system and regulations, leading organizations, force establishment, arms composition, military training, strategy and tactics, and so on. Among them, the composition of the officer group has undergone a significant change. The organization of managing officers and the officers themselves pay more attention to the management and specialization of the organization. "specialized knowledge structure" has replaced the traditional "rank authority", and military professionalism has begun to form. In order to maintain its own rule, the Manchu government spent a lot of money to develop military affairs, while the reform of other aspects of society was slow. Although the professionalization movement of officers' groups itself suffered setbacks because of the limitations of social conditions, professional military groups were more organized and more powerful than other social strata, and the political orientation of military personnel had changed. This led to military intervention in the early years of the Republic of China. In order to reintegrate the unbalanced civil-military relations, the Kuomintang led by Sun Zhongshan took the lead in introducing the "party-army" system of the Soviet Red Army, hoping to train officers who could be loyal to the Party's doctrine and had excellent fighting ability. However, the KMT did not persist in the "Party and Army" system, "military power" over the "Party's power." It is the army led by the Communist Party of China that really inherits and further develops the system of the Party and army, and the officers' organizations in China have developed from "specialization" to "revolutionization". This paper is divided into three chapters. The introduction explains the reason and significance of the topic, reviews the academic history of the topic, analyzes the current research situation, and clarifies the research methods. The first chapter mainly discusses the connotation of officer specialization and briefly introduces the background of the late Qing Dynasty officer specialization movement. The second chapter mainly analyzes the change of officer group from four aspects of military specialty, and probes into the course of officer group specialization. The third chapter focuses on the transformation of the political orientation of officers' groups, and analyzes the reasons for the emergence of the model of "leading by the Party". The conclusion part discusses the function and influence of officers' transformation from "specialization" to "revolutionization", and tries to get a close understanding of historical facts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：E221;K25
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