山西交城大煙種植與農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)概況研究（1947-1949）
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-10 17:36
【摘要】：作為北方主要的鴉片產(chǎn)區(qū)之一,山西的鴉片問題一直受到世人的關(guān)注。自咸豐年間開始在山西大量種植后,到光緒初年,鴉片的種植面積已經(jīng)占到了當(dāng)時山西總耕地面積的的11.32%。此后的幾十年間,鴉片在山西一直是農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要組成部分。種植大煙阻礙農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展,毒害人的身心健康,惡化社會風(fēng)氣等各種問題相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重。從抗日戰(zhàn)爭勝利到新中國成立之前,社會處于動蕩時期。在這一過渡時期,山西種植罌粟情況如何,種煙農(nóng)民的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活如何,以及當(dāng)時中國共產(chǎn)黨的鴉片方針政策如何,這些問題都值得研究。 本文選取了山西省交城縣大煙種植與當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)村家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系作為具體研究對象,依據(jù)翔實(shí)的歷史資料,探討在社會動蕩,經(jīng)濟(jì)混亂的環(huán)境下,通過分析種植大煙的數(shù)量、產(chǎn)量、生產(chǎn)資料的抵墊,勞動用工等情況,展現(xiàn)當(dāng)時農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退下,種植鴉片所帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益被不斷上漲的各種物質(zhì)資料所抵消。以及通過種煙農(nóng)民與非種煙農(nóng)民經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的比較,來說明大煙已經(jīng)成為了當(dāng)時農(nóng)民的毒瘤,單靠農(nóng)民自身無法擺脫。只有在中國共產(chǎn)黨的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,交城人民才最終擺脫了這個惡魔。 本文主要分為五個部分: 第一部分,山西省交城大煙種植概況。主要介紹交城地區(qū)鴉片的引種與發(fā)展,指出當(dāng)?shù)貎?yōu)越的地理氣候條件使所產(chǎn)鴉片被冠以“交土”之名。通過分析,得出了交城每年大煙的種植面積一般在三千到五千畝之間,具體到每戶家庭而言,貧農(nóng)一般種植二到三畝,較富裕的農(nóng)民種的要多一點(diǎn),有的能達(dá)到六畝左右。在產(chǎn)量方面,在當(dāng)?shù)匾划�大煙平均收入在五十兩左右,交城當(dāng)?shù)乜墒沾鬅煻迦f兩左右。 第二部分,種植鴉片與其他主要農(nóng)作物投入與產(chǎn)出比較。主要以山西檔案館的交城縣三區(qū).四區(qū)關(guān)于種煙成本與煙稅問題的調(diào)查材料,對交城地區(qū)種植大煙及其他農(nóng)作物抵墊生產(chǎn)資料,勞動用工數(shù)量,以及收入等問題進(jìn)行分析對比。 第三部分,土改后各階層種大煙征稅比。通過對各階層所交煙稅的對比分析,可以看出,中國共產(chǎn)黨土改后,對貧農(nóng),赤農(nóng),以及退伍軍人等階層有一定的照顧。 第四部分,通貨膨脹下種煙農(nóng)民的經(jīng)濟(jì)。通貨膨脹經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,種大煙的收益被糧食的生活資料的上漲所抵消。通過對種煙農(nóng)民和非種煙農(nóng)民生活生產(chǎn)收入,支出的對比分析,指出在通貨膨脹面前,鴉片已是農(nóng)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的毒瘤,無法擺脫。 第五部分,大煙種植對交城人民的危害與影響。列舉了種植大煙對當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦奈：?影響了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,加劇了農(nóng)民貧困化,以及吸食現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重。 第六部分,中國共產(chǎn)黨的鴉片政策對交城大煙種植的影響。主要指出在當(dāng)時爭取戰(zhàn)爭勝利為第一需要的時候,大煙的種植是在所難免的,但隨著戰(zhàn)爭的勝利,禁毒禁煙又是大勢所趨,交城大煙種植開始徹底被消滅。
[Abstract]:As one of the main opium producing areas in the north, the opium problem in Shanxi has been concerned by the world all the time. Since Xianfeng began to grow heavily in Shanxi Province, by the beginning of Guang Xu, opium cultivation area had accounted for 11.32% of the total cultivated land area in Shanxi at that time. The following decades, opium in Shanxi has been an important part of the agricultural economy. Planting smoke hinders the development of agriculture, poisons people's physical and mental health, worsens social atmosphere and so on. From the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan to the founding of New China, the society was in a turbulent period. In this transitional period, the situation of opium poppy cultivation in Shanxi, the economic life of tobacco farmers, and the opium policy of the Communist Party of China at that time are worthy of study. In this paper, the relationship between tobacco planting and local rural families in Jiaocheng County, Shanxi Province, is selected as the specific research object. Based on the detailed historical data, the paper discusses the quantity and yield of tobacco planting under the environment of social turbulence and economic chaos. The cushion of the means of production and the employment of labor showed that under the economic recession in rural areas at that time, the economic benefits brought by opium cultivation were offset by the rising material materials. By comparing the economic situation of farmers with that of non-farmers, it is shown that tobacco has become a cancer of farmers at that time, and farmers alone can not get rid of it. Only under the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China can the people of Jiaocheng finally get rid of this evil. This paper is mainly divided into five parts: the first part, Shanxi Province Jiaocheng tobacco planting overview. This paper mainly introduces the introduction and development of opium in Jiaocheng area, and points out that the superior geographical and climatic conditions make the opium produced in Jiaocheng area as "cross soil". Through analysis, it is concluded that the planting area of big smoke in Jiaocheng is generally between 3,000 and 5,000 mu per year. For each family, the poor peasants generally plant two to three mu, which is a little more than the rich peasants, and some can reach about six mu. In terms of yield, the local average income of one mu of smoke is about 52, Jiaocheng can harvest about 252000 smoke. The second part is the comparison between the input and output of opium cultivation and other major crops. Mainly to Shanxi archives Jiaocheng County three districts. The investigation materials on the cost and tax of planting tobacco in the four regions were analyzed and compared in Jiaocheng area, such as the production material, the quantity of labor and employment, and the income of planting big smoke and other crops in Jiaocheng area. The third part, after the land reform, each class cultivates the big smoke tax ratio. Through the comparative analysis of the tobacco taxes paid by all classes, we can see that after the land reform of the Communist Party of China, the poor peasants, the red peasants, and the veterans have certain care. The fourth part, the economy of farmers growing tobacco under inflation. Under inflationary economic conditions, the gains from growing smoke are offset by an increase in food supplies. Based on the comparative analysis of the income and expenditure of daily production between farmers and non-farmers, it is pointed out that opium has become a cancer of farmers' economic development in the face of inflation and can not be rid of. The fifth part, the harm and influence of tobacco planting to the people of Jiaocheng city. The harm of planting smoke to local people is listed. It affects the development of rural economy, intensifies the poverty of farmers, and the phenomenon of smoking is becoming more and more serious. The sixth part, the influence of the opium policy of the Communist Party of China on tobacco planting in Jiaocheng. It is mainly pointed out that it is inevitable to plant smoke in order to win the war at that time, but with the victory of the war, the anti-drug and anti-smoking is the trend of the times, and the tobacco planting in Jiaocheng has been completely eliminated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K266
本文編號：2370959
[Abstract]:As one of the main opium producing areas in the north, the opium problem in Shanxi has been concerned by the world all the time. Since Xianfeng began to grow heavily in Shanxi Province, by the beginning of Guang Xu, opium cultivation area had accounted for 11.32% of the total cultivated land area in Shanxi at that time. The following decades, opium in Shanxi has been an important part of the agricultural economy. Planting smoke hinders the development of agriculture, poisons people's physical and mental health, worsens social atmosphere and so on. From the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan to the founding of New China, the society was in a turbulent period. In this transitional period, the situation of opium poppy cultivation in Shanxi, the economic life of tobacco farmers, and the opium policy of the Communist Party of China at that time are worthy of study. In this paper, the relationship between tobacco planting and local rural families in Jiaocheng County, Shanxi Province, is selected as the specific research object. Based on the detailed historical data, the paper discusses the quantity and yield of tobacco planting under the environment of social turbulence and economic chaos. The cushion of the means of production and the employment of labor showed that under the economic recession in rural areas at that time, the economic benefits brought by opium cultivation were offset by the rising material materials. By comparing the economic situation of farmers with that of non-farmers, it is shown that tobacco has become a cancer of farmers at that time, and farmers alone can not get rid of it. Only under the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China can the people of Jiaocheng finally get rid of this evil. This paper is mainly divided into five parts: the first part, Shanxi Province Jiaocheng tobacco planting overview. This paper mainly introduces the introduction and development of opium in Jiaocheng area, and points out that the superior geographical and climatic conditions make the opium produced in Jiaocheng area as "cross soil". Through analysis, it is concluded that the planting area of big smoke in Jiaocheng is generally between 3,000 and 5,000 mu per year. For each family, the poor peasants generally plant two to three mu, which is a little more than the rich peasants, and some can reach about six mu. In terms of yield, the local average income of one mu of smoke is about 52, Jiaocheng can harvest about 252000 smoke. The second part is the comparison between the input and output of opium cultivation and other major crops. Mainly to Shanxi archives Jiaocheng County three districts. The investigation materials on the cost and tax of planting tobacco in the four regions were analyzed and compared in Jiaocheng area, such as the production material, the quantity of labor and employment, and the income of planting big smoke and other crops in Jiaocheng area. The third part, after the land reform, each class cultivates the big smoke tax ratio. Through the comparative analysis of the tobacco taxes paid by all classes, we can see that after the land reform of the Communist Party of China, the poor peasants, the red peasants, and the veterans have certain care. The fourth part, the economy of farmers growing tobacco under inflation. Under inflationary economic conditions, the gains from growing smoke are offset by an increase in food supplies. Based on the comparative analysis of the income and expenditure of daily production between farmers and non-farmers, it is pointed out that opium has become a cancer of farmers' economic development in the face of inflation and can not be rid of. The fifth part, the harm and influence of tobacco planting to the people of Jiaocheng city. The harm of planting smoke to local people is listed. It affects the development of rural economy, intensifies the poverty of farmers, and the phenomenon of smoking is becoming more and more serious. The sixth part, the influence of the opium policy of the Communist Party of China on tobacco planting in Jiaocheng. It is mainly pointed out that it is inevitable to plant smoke in order to win the war at that time, but with the victory of the war, the anti-drug and anti-smoking is the trend of the times, and the tobacco planting in Jiaocheng has been completely eliminated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K266
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