中日民間外交的肇始
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-06 22:03
【摘要】：二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后美蘇冷戰(zhàn)隨即拉開帷幕,美蘇在全球爭(zhēng)霸的態(tài)勢(shì)也影響到了東亞的政治格局。美國(guó)獨(dú)控日本,要把日本作為其在東亞防共基地。為了避免介入國(guó)際紛爭(zhēng),日本吉田政府根據(jù)時(shí)勢(shì),依靠美國(guó)政策,在國(guó)內(nèi)施行“重經(jīng)濟(jì),輕軍備”的治國(guó)方針,以建立美治下的通商國(guó)家。1949年新中國(guó)的成立,使東亞局勢(shì)再次成為世界焦點(diǎn),1950年2月14日《中蘇友好同盟互助條約》的簽訂,標(biāo)志著新中國(guó)加入了以蘇聯(lián)為首的社會(huì)主義陣營(yíng)。1950年10月中國(guó)介入朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),使美國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)為強(qiáng)硬,改變抑制日本轉(zhuǎn)為扶植日本。自此,東亞局勢(shì)冷戰(zhàn)中出現(xiàn)的熱戰(zhàn),使膠著態(tài)勢(shì)更甚。吉田茂在中、美、英、蘇、臺(tái)之間觀察周旋,適時(shí)做出反應(yīng)以求獲得最大的國(guó)家利益。在迫使美國(guó)、臺(tái)灣對(duì)其讓步之后,日本和美國(guó)于1951年9月4日簽署《舊金山和約》拒絕承認(rèn)新中國(guó)的合法國(guó)際地位,1952年4月28日《日臺(tái)和約》的簽訂標(biāo)志著“一中一臺(tái)”政策正式起步,而這一切最終導(dǎo)致日本與新中國(guó)外交的中斷。 日本國(guó)土狹小,資源貧乏。十九世紀(jì)七八十年代開始覬覦中國(guó),發(fā)動(dòng)侵華戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),以?shī)Z取能源物資供給國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。中日斷交之后,中日間正常貿(mào)易也隨之中斷,給日本經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展造成障礙。日本經(jīng)濟(jì)界人士隨即組成民間貿(mào)易組織要求和中國(guó)繼續(xù)發(fā)展貿(mào)易往來。中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人雖然也反對(duì)“政經(jīng)分離”政策,但最終做出“以民促官,貿(mào)易先行”的決策。一方面促進(jìn)中日兩國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,另一方面可維系中日間交往為正式的官方往來做好應(yīng)有的鋪墊。 本文就將從美蘇東亞冷戰(zhàn)開始,分析日本吉田茂內(nèi)閣運(yùn)用外交謀略,有效利用美、蘇、中、臺(tái)甚至是英國(guó)的東亞利益爭(zhēng)奪的局勢(shì)而為戰(zhàn)后日本獲取最實(shí)效國(guó)家利益的舉措,最終導(dǎo)致中日斷交。正式外交管道的阻斷,出于國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要和未來國(guó)際關(guān)系的考慮,是民間外交這一特殊交往形式出現(xiàn)的原因。分析民間外交出現(xiàn)的緣由是本文的重點(diǎn),它包括中日官方外交的中斷原因和民間繼續(xù)交往的必要性。 謹(jǐn)以此文紀(jì)念2012年中日邦交正�；�40周年。
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union immediately began, and the situation of American and Soviet hegemony in the world also affected the political pattern of East Asia. The United States dominates Japan and wants to use Japan as its base for East Asian defense. In order to avoid getting involved in international disputes, the Yoshida government of Japan, in accordance with the current situation and relying on the United States policy, implemented a national policy of "emphasizing economy rather than armaments" in order to establish a trade country under the rule of the United States. The founding of New China in 1949. The situation in East Asia once again became the focus of the world. The signing of the Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance between China and the Soviet Union on 14 February 1950 marked the accession of New China to the socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union. In October 1950, China intervened in the Korean War. To make America's attitude towards China tough, change to restrain Japan to support Japan. Since then, the situation in East Asia in the cold war, the hot war, so that even more glued situation. Yoshida watched China, the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union and Taiwan, responding in time to maximize national interests. After forcing the United States and Taiwan to give way to it, Japan and the United States signed the San Francisco Treaty of Peace on September 4, 1951, refusing to recognize the legitimate international status of New China. The signing of the Treaty of Peace between Japan and Taiwan on April 28, 1952 marked the beginning of the policy of "one China, one Taiwan", which eventually led to the interruption of Japan's diplomacy with the people's Republic of China. Japan is small and short of resources. In the 1870s and 1980 s, they began to covet China and launch a war of aggression against China in order to capture energy and supplies for domestic economic development. After the break-up of Sino-Japanese relations, normal trade between China and Japan was interrupted, causing obstacles to the development of Japanese economy. Japanese economic circles immediately formed a non-governmental trade organization to continue to develop trade with China. Chinese leaders also opposed the policy of "political and economic separation," but ultimately made the decision to "promote government by the people and give priority to trade." On the one hand, it can promote the development of economic and trade between China and Japan, on the other hand, it can maintain the Sino-Japanese exchanges and make the proper preparations for the official exchanges. Starting from the Cold War in East Asia between the United States and the Soviet Union, this paper will analyze the measures taken by the Yoshida Cabinet of Japan to use diplomatic strategies to effectively utilize the situation of East Asian interests of the United States, the Soviet Union, China, Taiwan and even Britain in order to obtain the most effective national interests for Japan after the war. Finally, it led to the break-up of Sino-Japanese relations. The blocking of formal diplomatic channels, due to the need of domestic economic development and the consideration of future international relations, is the reason for the emergence of folk diplomacy as a special form of communication. The analysis of the reasons for the emergence of folk diplomacy is the focus of this paper, which includes the reasons for the interruption of official diplomacy between China and Japan and the necessity of continuing civil communication. I have the honour to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan in 2012.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K27
本文編號(hào)：2366725
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union immediately began, and the situation of American and Soviet hegemony in the world also affected the political pattern of East Asia. The United States dominates Japan and wants to use Japan as its base for East Asian defense. In order to avoid getting involved in international disputes, the Yoshida government of Japan, in accordance with the current situation and relying on the United States policy, implemented a national policy of "emphasizing economy rather than armaments" in order to establish a trade country under the rule of the United States. The founding of New China in 1949. The situation in East Asia once again became the focus of the world. The signing of the Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance between China and the Soviet Union on 14 February 1950 marked the accession of New China to the socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union. In October 1950, China intervened in the Korean War. To make America's attitude towards China tough, change to restrain Japan to support Japan. Since then, the situation in East Asia in the cold war, the hot war, so that even more glued situation. Yoshida watched China, the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union and Taiwan, responding in time to maximize national interests. After forcing the United States and Taiwan to give way to it, Japan and the United States signed the San Francisco Treaty of Peace on September 4, 1951, refusing to recognize the legitimate international status of New China. The signing of the Treaty of Peace between Japan and Taiwan on April 28, 1952 marked the beginning of the policy of "one China, one Taiwan", which eventually led to the interruption of Japan's diplomacy with the people's Republic of China. Japan is small and short of resources. In the 1870s and 1980 s, they began to covet China and launch a war of aggression against China in order to capture energy and supplies for domestic economic development. After the break-up of Sino-Japanese relations, normal trade between China and Japan was interrupted, causing obstacles to the development of Japanese economy. Japanese economic circles immediately formed a non-governmental trade organization to continue to develop trade with China. Chinese leaders also opposed the policy of "political and economic separation," but ultimately made the decision to "promote government by the people and give priority to trade." On the one hand, it can promote the development of economic and trade between China and Japan, on the other hand, it can maintain the Sino-Japanese exchanges and make the proper preparations for the official exchanges. Starting from the Cold War in East Asia between the United States and the Soviet Union, this paper will analyze the measures taken by the Yoshida Cabinet of Japan to use diplomatic strategies to effectively utilize the situation of East Asian interests of the United States, the Soviet Union, China, Taiwan and even Britain in order to obtain the most effective national interests for Japan after the war. Finally, it led to the break-up of Sino-Japanese relations. The blocking of formal diplomatic channels, due to the need of domestic economic development and the consideration of future international relations, is the reason for the emergence of folk diplomacy as a special form of communication. The analysis of the reasons for the emergence of folk diplomacy is the focus of this paper, which includes the reasons for the interruption of official diplomacy between China and Japan and the necessity of continuing civil communication. I have the honour to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan in 2012.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K27
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