二十世紀五十年代海峽兩岸土地改革成效之比較
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-15 07:07
【摘要】：大陸與臺灣于二十世紀五十年代經濟發(fā)展之初,在社會政治經濟領域共同經歷了一場大事件——農村土地改革運動。了解這場運動給雙方帶來什么樣的經濟社會后果,是現代社會經濟史的一項重要內容。目前學術界對兩岸土改的研究,在內容上大多從單方入手,比較類型的研究成果相對較少,研究方向主要集中于二者問背景、過程、政策、影響的異同,關于成效的細致比較鮮有人涉及。本文透過比較分析,重點考察兩岸土改產生的經濟社會成效,探討土改對兩岸日后發(fā)展產生的不同效應。 總體而言,國共兩黨從自身利益出發(fā)進行的土改在經濟效益層面上是成功的。土地改革促使兩岸農村地權重新分配,農業(yè)生產初步恢復,雖然仍共同面臨農地零碎化的問題,但緩解了當下如糧食緊缺等燃眉之急；對發(fā)展工業(yè)經濟而言,十地改革為其提供了資本、原料、市場等必備要素。在社會成效方面,由于兩岸意識形態(tài)的差異,對地主的政策也大相徑庭,因而產生了不同的社會效應。大陸的地主階層消亡,農民在國家政權的庇護下,當家作主,國家政權則通過農民的支持獲得了對鄉(xiāng)村社會絕對的控制力；臺灣的地主階層則出現兩極分化的趨勢,大地主借由在上改中獲得的巨大經濟利潤,影響思想政治領域,進而在某種程度上影響了臺灣的政治而貌。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of economic development in the 1950s, the mainland and Taiwan experienced a great event in the field of social politics and economy, the rural land reform movement. Understanding the economic and social consequences of this movement is an important part of modern social and economic history. At present, the academic research on land reform across the Taiwan Strait is mostly carried out from one side to the other, and the comparative research results are relatively few. The research direction is mainly focused on the similarities and differences of the background, the process, the policy, and the influence between the two. Detailed comparisons of results are rarely involved. Through comparative analysis, this paper focuses on the economic and social effects of land reform on both sides of the strait, and probes into the different effects of land reform on the future development of the two sides of the strait. Overall, the two parties from their own interests to carry out land reform in the economic level is successful. Land reform promoted the redistribution of land rights and the initial recovery of agricultural production. Although the land was still faced with the problem of fragmentation, it alleviated the urgent needs such as food shortage. For the development of industrial economy, the ten-place reform provides necessary elements such as capital, raw materials, market and so on. In the aspect of social effect, because of the difference of ideology, the policy to landlords is different, so it has different social effect. The landlords of the mainland died out, the peasants became masters under the protection of the state power, and the state power gained absolute control over the rural society through the support of the peasants. On the other hand, the landlord class in Taiwan showed a trend of polarization, and the big landlords influenced the ideological and political field by the huge economic profits gained in the upper-reform process, and to some extent influenced the appearance of Taiwan's politics.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F301;K27
[Abstract]:At the beginning of economic development in the 1950s, the mainland and Taiwan experienced a great event in the field of social politics and economy, the rural land reform movement. Understanding the economic and social consequences of this movement is an important part of modern social and economic history. At present, the academic research on land reform across the Taiwan Strait is mostly carried out from one side to the other, and the comparative research results are relatively few. The research direction is mainly focused on the similarities and differences of the background, the process, the policy, and the influence between the two. Detailed comparisons of results are rarely involved. Through comparative analysis, this paper focuses on the economic and social effects of land reform on both sides of the strait, and probes into the different effects of land reform on the future development of the two sides of the strait. Overall, the two parties from their own interests to carry out land reform in the economic level is successful. Land reform promoted the redistribution of land rights and the initial recovery of agricultural production. Although the land was still faced with the problem of fragmentation, it alleviated the urgent needs such as food shortage. For the development of industrial economy, the ten-place reform provides necessary elements such as capital, raw materials, market and so on. In the aspect of social effect, because of the difference of ideology, the policy to landlords is different, so it has different social effect. The landlords of the mainland died out, the peasants became masters under the protection of the state power, and the state power gained absolute control over the rural society through the support of the peasants. On the other hand, the landlord class in Taiwan showed a trend of polarization, and the big landlords influenced the ideological and political field by the huge economic profits gained in the upper-reform process, and to some extent influenced the appearance of Taiwan's politics.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F301;K27
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