立憲與革命兩派的國民程度論及其政體選擇
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-30 10:23
【摘要】：無論晚清還是民初，國民程度都是其時知識分子急切關注的問題。知識分子總結政治運動失敗的經(jīng)驗，，一致得出結論：國民程度過低，即國人知識水平低下，缺乏國民意識，不具備近代化政治所需的基本素質。國人的消極意識和行為是救國求強運動失敗的重要原因。中國需要具備行憲能力的國民。 立憲派主張實行君主立憲制而反對實行民主共和制，其理由之一是“國民程度不足”。革命派認為民主共和制是人類政治文明的大勢所趨，革命可以解決國民程度不足的問題，中國應通過革命改封建君主制為民主共和制。為此，雙方在《新民叢報》和《民報》上展開了大論戰(zhàn)。論戰(zhàn)似乎以民主共和論的勝利而告終，但是國民程度不足的問題并沒能解決。民國共和制度被破壞后，對國民程度的重新檢討引發(fā)了“新文化運動”。反思當時人們關于國民程度問題的認識可知，“惟重實用”的學術傳統(tǒng)導致中國近代學術滋長了一種急功近利和以學術之外的標準來衡量和剪裁學術的傾向。功利主義的學術導致功利主義的政治。對國民程度的不同認識，影響了革命派和立憲派的政體選擇，進而對清末政體改革產(chǎn)生了不可忽視的影響。
[Abstract]:Whether in the late Qing Dynasty or the early Republic of China, the national level was an urgent concern for intellectuals at that time. After summing up the experience of the failure of the political movement, the intellectuals come to the conclusion that the national level is too low, that is, the knowledge level of the people is low, the national consciousness is lacking, and the basic qualities needed for modern politics are not available. The negative consciousness and behavior of the people are the important reasons for the failure of the campaign to save the country and seek strength. China needs citizens with constitutional competence. Constitutionalism advocates constitutional monarchy and opposes democratic republic, one of the reasons is that the national level is not enough. The revolutionaries believe that the democratic republic system is the general trend of human political civilization, the revolution can solve the problem of insufficient national level, China should transform the feudal monarchy into the democratic republic system through revolution. To this end, the two sides in the Xinmin Cong newspaper and the people's newspaper launched a major debate. The debate seemed to end with a victory for democratic republicanism, but the lack of citizenship did not solve the problem. After the Republic of China was destroyed, the re-examination of the national level triggered the "New Culture Movement". Reflecting on people's understanding of the issue of national level at that time, we can see that the academic tradition of "only attaching importance to practicality" has led to a tendency of academic development in modern China. Utilitarian scholarship leads to utilitarian politics. The different understanding of the national level affected the regime choice of revolutionaries and constitutionalists, and then exerted an unnegligible influence on the political system reform in the late Qing Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D691;K257
本文編號：2299733
[Abstract]:Whether in the late Qing Dynasty or the early Republic of China, the national level was an urgent concern for intellectuals at that time. After summing up the experience of the failure of the political movement, the intellectuals come to the conclusion that the national level is too low, that is, the knowledge level of the people is low, the national consciousness is lacking, and the basic qualities needed for modern politics are not available. The negative consciousness and behavior of the people are the important reasons for the failure of the campaign to save the country and seek strength. China needs citizens with constitutional competence. Constitutionalism advocates constitutional monarchy and opposes democratic republic, one of the reasons is that the national level is not enough. The revolutionaries believe that the democratic republic system is the general trend of human political civilization, the revolution can solve the problem of insufficient national level, China should transform the feudal monarchy into the democratic republic system through revolution. To this end, the two sides in the Xinmin Cong newspaper and the people's newspaper launched a major debate. The debate seemed to end with a victory for democratic republicanism, but the lack of citizenship did not solve the problem. After the Republic of China was destroyed, the re-examination of the national level triggered the "New Culture Movement". Reflecting on people's understanding of the issue of national level at that time, we can see that the academic tradition of "only attaching importance to practicality" has led to a tendency of academic development in modern China. Utilitarian scholarship leads to utilitarian politics. The different understanding of the national level affected the regime choice of revolutionaries and constitutionalists, and then exerted an unnegligible influence on the political system reform in the late Qing Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D691;K257
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