試析二十世紀初東北鼠疫與延邊地區(qū)防疫衛(wèi)生狀況
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-13 19:48
【摘要】：1910年,中國東北地區(qū)爆發(fā)了大規(guī)模鼠疫。這次鼠疫從黑龍江的滿洲里(今屬內(nèi)蒙古)開始傳播,波及京津、河北、山東等地,流行距離達2700公里,流行時間近8個月,感染致死者6萬余人。這次鼠疫之所以傳染迅速、死亡人數(shù)眾多,與清末人口的大量流動以及當時中國的落后衛(wèi)生條件有著重大關(guān)系。由于清末中國東北地區(qū)的特殊政治環(huán)境,鼠疫問題不僅僅是醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生問題這般簡單。 這次鼠疫爆發(fā)于清朝末期清政府的統(tǒng)治岌岌可危之時,在中國醫(yī)療水平低下又要應(yīng)對國際干預(yù)的情況下,清政府從中央至地方仍采取了積極地防御措施,利用科學(xué)的防疫方法有效地控制了鼠疫的傳播與蔓延。清朝的中央政府和東北地方政府在這次鼠疫防疫工作中的表現(xiàn)得到了國際社會的認可與贊揚。鼠疫的爆發(fā)對中俄關(guān)系和中日關(guān)系也產(chǎn)生了重大影響,清政府為了捍衛(wèi)其在東北地區(qū)的主權(quán)在奉天召開了一次國際鼠疫會議。 延邊雖地處邊疆地區(qū),醫(yī)療設(shè)施相對落后。但隨著近代邊疆地區(qū)的開發(fā)、延邊地區(qū)人口的增多,延邊的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)及行政管理機構(gòu)也逐步完善起來。鼠疫蔓延到延邊地區(qū)后,延邊地方政府采取了積極地防疫措施有效地控制住疫情的進一步蔓延。雖然鼠疫在延邊地方政府與民眾的共同努力下得到了有效控制并最終消退。但鼠疫的高死亡率、鼠疫時期采取的一系列防疫措施則對延邊民眾的心態(tài)造成了一定程度的影響。 延邊地區(qū)位于東北亞地區(qū)的核心地帶,戰(zhàn)略地位險要。尤其是日俄戰(zhàn)爭以后,日本加緊了對延邊地區(qū)的侵略。為了更好的達到侵占延邊地區(qū)的目的,日本將其殖民醫(yī)學(xué)策略運用到延邊地區(qū)。日本駐延邊地區(qū)總領(lǐng)事館憑借先進的醫(yī)療技術(shù)和雄厚的經(jīng)濟實力與延邊地方政府展開了醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生控制權(quán)的爭奪,延邊地方政府雖極力抵制日本的侵略,但終因財政困窘而無力應(yīng)對。在日本駐延邊地區(qū)總領(lǐng)事館與延邊地方政府展開醫(yī)療斗爭的同時,延邊地區(qū)的私立醫(yī)院及教會醫(yī)院也在不斷發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In 1910, a large-scale plague broke out in northeast China. The plague spread from Manzhouli (now Inner Mongolia) in Heilongjiang, spreading to Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and other places. The epidemic distance reached 2700 kilometers, the epidemic time was nearly eight months, and more than 60,000 people were infected. The rapid spread of plague and the large number of deaths were closely related to the large population movement in the late Qing Dynasty and the backward sanitary conditions in China at that time. Due to the special political environment in northeast China in the late Qing Dynasty, the plague problem was not just a medical and health problem. The plague broke out in the late Qing Dynasty when the rule of the Qing government was at stake. When China's medical standards were low and it had to deal with international intervention, the Qing government still took active defensive measures from the central to the local levels. The spread and spread of plague were effectively controlled by scientific methods of epidemic prevention. The performance of the central and northeast governments in the plague prevention work in the Qing Dynasty was recognized and praised by the international community. The outbreak of plague also had a great impact on Sino-Russian and Sino-Japanese relations. In order to defend its sovereignty in Northeast China, the Qing government held an international plague conference in Fengtian. Yanbian is located in the border area, medical facilities are relatively backward. However, with the development of modern frontier areas and the increase of population in Yanbian area, the medical and health institutions and administrative organizations in Yanbian have been gradually improved. After plague spread to Yanbian area, Yanbian local government took active measures to control the spread of the epidemic. Although plague in Yanbian with the joint efforts of the local government and the people were effectively controlled and eventually subsided. However, the high mortality rate of plague and a series of preventive measures during the plague period had a certain degree of influence on the mentality of the people in Yanbian. Yanbian region is located in the heart of Northeast Asia, strategic position is dangerous. Especially after the war between Japan and Russia, Japan stepped up its aggression against Yanbian. In order to achieve the purpose of occupying Yanbian area, Japan applied its colonial medicine strategy to Yanbian area. By virtue of advanced medical technology and strong economic strength, the Consulate General of Japan in Yanbian has launched a struggle for control of medical and health care with the Yanbian local government. Although the Yanbian local government tried its best to resist Japanese aggression, But they were unable to cope with their financial constraints. While the Japanese Consulate General in Yanbian started a medical struggle with the Yanbian local government, private hospitals and church hospitals in Yanbian also developed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R-09;K257
本文編號：2269711
[Abstract]:In 1910, a large-scale plague broke out in northeast China. The plague spread from Manzhouli (now Inner Mongolia) in Heilongjiang, spreading to Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and other places. The epidemic distance reached 2700 kilometers, the epidemic time was nearly eight months, and more than 60,000 people were infected. The rapid spread of plague and the large number of deaths were closely related to the large population movement in the late Qing Dynasty and the backward sanitary conditions in China at that time. Due to the special political environment in northeast China in the late Qing Dynasty, the plague problem was not just a medical and health problem. The plague broke out in the late Qing Dynasty when the rule of the Qing government was at stake. When China's medical standards were low and it had to deal with international intervention, the Qing government still took active defensive measures from the central to the local levels. The spread and spread of plague were effectively controlled by scientific methods of epidemic prevention. The performance of the central and northeast governments in the plague prevention work in the Qing Dynasty was recognized and praised by the international community. The outbreak of plague also had a great impact on Sino-Russian and Sino-Japanese relations. In order to defend its sovereignty in Northeast China, the Qing government held an international plague conference in Fengtian. Yanbian is located in the border area, medical facilities are relatively backward. However, with the development of modern frontier areas and the increase of population in Yanbian area, the medical and health institutions and administrative organizations in Yanbian have been gradually improved. After plague spread to Yanbian area, Yanbian local government took active measures to control the spread of the epidemic. Although plague in Yanbian with the joint efforts of the local government and the people were effectively controlled and eventually subsided. However, the high mortality rate of plague and a series of preventive measures during the plague period had a certain degree of influence on the mentality of the people in Yanbian. Yanbian region is located in the heart of Northeast Asia, strategic position is dangerous. Especially after the war between Japan and Russia, Japan stepped up its aggression against Yanbian. In order to achieve the purpose of occupying Yanbian area, Japan applied its colonial medicine strategy to Yanbian area. By virtue of advanced medical technology and strong economic strength, the Consulate General of Japan in Yanbian has launched a struggle for control of medical and health care with the Yanbian local government. Although the Yanbian local government tried its best to resist Japanese aggression, But they were unable to cope with their financial constraints. While the Japanese Consulate General in Yanbian started a medical struggle with the Yanbian local government, private hospitals and church hospitals in Yanbian also developed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R-09;K257
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 曲曉范;清末民初中國東北地區(qū)黃天教活動考[J];北華大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2005年04期
2 費馳;;20世紀初延邊地區(qū)開埠與東北亞政治格局的變化[J];東疆學(xué)刊;2010年03期
3 王玉林;;清末東北鼠疫中的眾生百態(tài)[J];黑河學(xué)刊;2010年09期
4 郭蘊深;哈爾濱1910—1911年的大鼠疫[J];黑龍江史志;1996年05期
5 李春華;記黑龍江省一次特大鼠疫[J];黑龍江史志;2003年04期
6 李文海;中國近代災(zāi)荒與社會生活[J];近代史研究;1990年05期
7 焦?jié)櫭?;1910—1911年的東北大鼠疫及朝野應(yīng)對措施[J];近代史研究;2006年03期
8 胡成;;中日對抗與公共衛(wèi)生事業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)的較量——對“南滿洲”鐵路、港口中心城市的觀察(1901—1911)[J];近代史研究;2011年01期
9 王道瑞;清末東北地區(qū)爆發(fā)鼠疫史料(下)[J];歷史檔案;2005年02期
10 余新忠;清代江南疫病救療事業(yè)探析——論清代國家與社會對瘟疫的反應(yīng)[J];歷史研究;2001年06期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條
1 劉雪芹;近代上海的瘟疫和社會[D];上海師范大學(xué);2005年
2 譚曉燕;民國時期的防疫政策（1911—1937）[D];山東大學(xué);2006年
3 張蕾;1910-1911年東北鼠疫與山東疫情兼論鼠疫在山東流行的環(huán)境因素[D];中國海洋大學(xué);2009年
，本文編號：2269711
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/zgjxds/2269711.html
