【摘要】：農(nóng)民節(jié),率先在四川省設(shè)立,隨后于1941年12月由國(guó)民政府正式訂為全國(guó)性節(jié)日,并規(guī)定了具體的農(nóng)民節(jié)紀(jì)念辦法。農(nóng)民節(jié)的舉辦日期存在諸多爭(zhēng)議,國(guó)民政府也幾經(jīng)變更,最終決定于立春日舉行,取其“一年之計(jì)在于春”之意,隨后意識(shí)到各省的具體情況不同,作出了依據(jù)自身實(shí)際狀況進(jìn)行調(diào)整的規(guī)定,具有一定的靈活性。國(guó)民政府設(shè)立農(nóng)民節(jié),既是本黨農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)宗旨的體現(xiàn),又是基于解決抗戰(zhàn)相持時(shí)期面臨糧食危機(jī)和動(dòng)員農(nóng)民階級(jí)力量的考量,更是古代重農(nóng)風(fēng)俗的延續(xù)。為了擴(kuò)大節(jié)日的影響力,國(guó)民政府特意安排人員深入農(nóng)村進(jìn)行宣傳工作,并開展具體的展覽、比賽、娛樂、游藝活動(dòng)等。農(nóng)民節(jié)設(shè)立之后,農(nóng)民階級(jí)表現(xiàn)出一定的熱情,然而,受到當(dāng)時(shí)客觀環(huán)境、國(guó)民政府政治推動(dòng)和農(nóng)民自身局限性的影響,農(nóng)民對(duì)其了解并不深入,農(nóng)民節(jié)沒有成為全民的節(jié)日;政府人員重視此節(jié)日,重要機(jī)關(guān)的負(fù)責(zé)人親自主持參觀大會(huì),并就農(nóng)村境況,紛紛發(fā)表看法,試圖挽救農(nóng)民和農(nóng)村。隨著抗戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束,農(nóng)民節(jié)成為他們宣揚(yáng)國(guó)民政府之合法性,打擊共產(chǎn)黨的工具;農(nóng)業(yè)工作人員投以極大的熱情,在各大報(bào)刊上發(fā)表文章社論,圍繞如何發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)會(huì)組織存在問題、農(nóng)民節(jié)與其他方面的關(guān)系等方面展開討論,積極探索原因,試圖尋找解決辦法。除國(guó)民政府外,基督教組織、農(nóng)民黨、日偽政權(quán)、德國(guó)等其他力量也作出設(shè)立農(nóng)民節(jié)的嘗試。延安革命根據(jù)地雖然沒有,卻在努力解決農(nóng)民關(guān)心的土地問題。從各方對(duì)農(nóng)民節(jié)的態(tài)度和這一時(shí)期糧食總產(chǎn)量增加的具體數(shù)據(jù)中,可以看出,農(nóng)民階級(jí)地位之重要,農(nóng)民問題自始至終是關(guān)系國(guó)家發(fā)展的重要問題。
[Abstract]:The Farmers' Festival was first set up in Sichuan Province and then officially designated as a national holiday by the National Government in December 1941. There were many controversies about the date of the Farmers' Festival, and the National Government changed several times, and finally decided to hold it on the Beginning of Spring's Day, taking the meaning that "spring is the way of the year", and then realized that the specific conditions of the provinces were different. Made according to their own actual conditions to adjust the provisions, have a certain degree of flexibility. The establishment of the Farmers Festival by the National Government is not only the embodiment of the Party's agriculture-related purposes, but also the consideration of solving the grain crisis and mobilizing the peasant class in the period of the War of Resistance against Japan, as well as the continuation of the ancient custom of attaching importance to agriculture. In order to expand the influence of the festival, the National Government specially arranged personnel to go to the countryside to carry out propaganda work, and to carry out specific exhibitions, competitions, entertainment, recreational activities and so on. After the farmers' festival was established, the peasant class showed certain enthusiasm. However, due to the influence of the objective environment, the political push of the national government and the limitations of the peasants themselves, the farmers did not understand the festival deeply, and the festival did not become a national holiday. Government officials attached importance to the festival, leading officials of key agencies personally presided over the conference, and expressed views on the situation in the countryside, trying to save farmers and rural areas. With the end of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Farmers' Day became a tool for them to preach the legitimacy of the national government and to crack down on the Communist Party. With great enthusiasm, agricultural workers published articles and editorials in major newspapers and periodicals, focusing on how to develop agriculture. The problems in the organization of peasant associations, the relationship between farmers' festival and other aspects are discussed in order to explore the causes and seek solutions. In addition to the national government, Christian organizations, the Peasant Democratic Party, the Japanese puppet regime, Germany and other forces also tried to set up the Farmers Day. Although there are no revolutionary base areas in Yan'an, they are trying to solve the land problem that the peasants are concerned about. From the attitudes of all parties to the Farmers' Festival and the specific data of the increase of total grain output in this period, it can be seen that the status of the peasant class is very important, and the peasant problem is an important issue related to the development of the country from the beginning to the end.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K265

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