【摘要】：民國(guó)初年的政局與各方勢(shì)力的分合緊密相關(guān)。每次合作，都把社會(huì)推向前進(jìn)，各方勢(shì)力也得以共贏；每次分裂，都導(dǎo)致社會(huì)退步，得勢(shì)者也因失去制約而走向腐朽。民國(guó)初年政治舞臺(tái)上的幾種勢(shì)力，無(wú)論革命派還是北洋集團(tuán)、立憲派，沒有完美和英明，只有相對(duì)的進(jìn)步。他們對(duì)憲政、民主都有一定程度的認(rèn)識(shí)，但由于受共同的專制傳統(tǒng)影響，他們?cè)谡J(rèn)識(shí)與實(shí)踐、言辭與行動(dòng)之間都有不同程度的脫節(jié)；在失去制衡時(shí)，專制傳統(tǒng)都有不同程度的回歸。辛亥革命前后的進(jìn)步局面，得益于當(dāng)時(shí)各派力量制衡下的合作與妥協(xié)，盡管有許多合作是暫時(shí)的，互相利用的，但其客觀積極效果卻不容忽視。而且，合作的內(nèi)涵也不僅限于觀點(diǎn)和行動(dòng)的完全一致，制約、監(jiān)督是更深意義上的合作。 革命、立憲兩派有相同的憲政理想，都曾經(jīng)為國(guó)家的進(jìn)步作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)，在許多重大事件中有不同程度的合作。對(duì)于立憲派的依附性，應(yīng)重新認(rèn)識(shí)。他們?cè)謩e與革命黨和北洋集團(tuán)合作，但從沒有依附過(guò)他們。立憲派依附的是憲政理想，是政治上的真正革新。 對(duì)于南京臨時(shí)政府勢(shì)孤命短之結(jié)局，有必要多從主觀上找原因。由于南京臨時(shí)政府沒有廣泛吸納各種反清力量，導(dǎo)致立憲派和相當(dāng)一部分原革命派力量疏離南京臨時(shí)政府。革命黨人追求民主共和理想，但他們與立憲派、北洋集團(tuán)一樣，都不能徹底擺脫傳統(tǒng)意識(shí)影響。革命黨人的新貴族化，袁的獨(dú)裁復(fù)辟，都是明顯的例子。
[Abstract]:The political situation in the early years of the Republic of China was closely related to the separation of forces. Each cooperation will push the society forward and the forces of all sides will win altogether; every split will lead to social retrogression, and those who gain power will also become decadent because of the loss of constraints. In the early years of the Republic of China, several forces on the political stage, whether revolutionaries or Beiyang clique, constitutionalists, were not perfect and wise, but only relatively progressive. They have a certain degree of understanding of constitutionalism and democracy, but because of the influence of a common autocratic tradition, they have different degrees of disconnect between cognition and practice, between words and deeds, and at the loss of checks and balances. Autocratic traditions all have different degrees of return. The progressive situation before and after the Revolution of 1911 benefited from the cooperation and compromise under the checks and balances of various forces at that time. Although many of the cooperation were temporary and used each other, their objective positive effects could not be ignored. Moreover, the connotation of cooperation is not limited to the complete agreement of views and actions. The revolution and constitutionalism both have the same constitutional ideals, have both made great contributions to the progress of the country, and have cooperated to varying degrees in many major events. The dependence of constitutionalism should be reunderstood. They had cooperated with the Revolutionary Party and the Beiyang Group, but had never attached themselves to them. Constitutionalism adheres to constitutional ideals and is a real political innovation. It is necessary to find the subjective reasons for the short ending of Nanjing Provisional Government. As the Nanjing interim government did not absorb all kinds of anti-Qing forces, the constitutionalists and some of the former revolutionaries were alienated from the Nanjing interim government. The revolutionaries pursued the ideal of democratic republic, but like the constitutionalists and the Beiyang group, they could not completely get rid of the influence of traditional consciousness. The new aristocracy of the revolutionaries and Yuan's dictatorship are obvious examples.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K258

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