【摘要】：1927—1937年中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)從衰敗到復(fù)蘇的發(fā)展過程。南京國(guó)民政府建立初期,農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)由于遭受自然災(zāi)害、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、世界經(jīng)濟(jì)大危機(jī)等外部因素的重重打擊,陷入嚴(yán)重的困境之中。為鞏固其政治統(tǒng)治,復(fù)興農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì),增加財(cái)政收入,國(guó)民政府先后制定并實(shí)施了一系列救治農(nóng)業(yè),發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的政策措施。統(tǒng)一水利行政,開展農(nóng)業(yè)合作運(yùn)動(dòng),進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)科技改良,實(shí)施土地改革,推行墾殖政策等,這些政策措施的實(shí)施對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)由衰敗走向復(fù)蘇起到了積極作用,收到了一定成效。新式農(nóng)業(yè)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的建立與發(fā)展,農(nóng)業(yè)科技的改良與推廣,農(nóng)業(yè)資本主義成份與農(nóng)產(chǎn)品商品化程度不斷提高,耕地面積不斷擴(kuò)大,農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)總值、農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)外貿(mào)易等均有所發(fā)展。這一時(shí)期的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)雖然走出了衰敗的陰影,向復(fù)蘇的道路發(fā)展,但從整體上來(lái)看無(wú)疑是落后的。導(dǎo)致中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)落后的內(nèi)部因素依然強(qiáng)大頑固,主要體現(xiàn)在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)工具落后短缺,農(nóng)業(yè)人口科技文化素質(zhì)低下,農(nóng)田經(jīng)營(yíng)面積狹小分散,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)含量少,田賦捐稅苛重等,這些因素的存在嚴(yán)重削弱了農(nóng)業(yè)政策實(shí)施的成效,長(zhǎng)期制約著中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。?
[Abstract]:In 1927-1937, China's agricultural economy experienced a process from decline to recovery. In the early days of the establishment of Nanjing National Government, the agricultural economy was hit hard by natural disasters, wars, the world economic crisis and other external factors, and fell into serious difficulties. In order to consolidate its political rule, revive agricultural economy and increase financial income, the National Government has formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to cure agriculture and develop agricultural economy. Unifying water conservancy administration, carrying out agricultural cooperative movement, improving agricultural science and technology, carrying out land reform, carrying out reclamation policy and so on, these policies and measures have played a positive role in the agricultural economy from decline to recovery, and have received certain results. The establishment and development of new agricultural financial institutions, the improvement and popularization of agricultural science and technology, the continuous improvement of the degree of commercialization of agricultural capitalist components and agricultural products, the continuous expansion of cultivated land, the production of crops and the gross agricultural product, Agricultural foreign trade and so on have developed. Although the agricultural economy of this period has come out of the shadow of decline and developed to the road of recovery, it is undoubtedly backward on the whole. The internal factors leading to the backwardness of China's agricultural economy are still strong and stubborn, mainly reflected in the backwardness of agricultural production tools, the low scientific, technological and cultural quality of the agricultural population, the narrow and scattered area of farmland management, and the lack of technical content in agricultural production. The existence of these factors seriously weakens the effect of agricultural policy implementation and restricts the further development of China's agricultural economy for a long time?
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：F329;K263

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