戰(zhàn)后漢口職業(yè)介紹所研究（1946-1949）
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-19 12:43
【摘要】：隨著對社會史研究的逐步重視,民國時期失業(yè)問題的探討也愈加受到學(xué)術(shù)界的關(guān)注。然而以往研究多關(guān)注民國二三十年代的失業(yè)問題,尤其是以探討上海的城市失業(yè)問題為中心,而對抗戰(zhàn)后漢口的失業(yè)問題關(guān)注較少,研究相對薄弱。而漢口,作為華中地區(qū)重要的經(jīng)濟中心在抗戰(zhàn)中損失慘重,失業(yè)問題突出。本文試圖以抗戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后(1946-1949)的漢口為時空范圍,以國民政府主辦的漢口職業(yè)介紹所為研究對象,利用武漢市檔案館資料及當(dāng)時的報刊資料通過對漢口職業(yè)介紹所成立的時代環(huán)境、成立過程、組織發(fā)展情況以及其業(yè)務(wù)開展的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化建構(gòu)模式作一概括和分析,并對該所最終取得的成績及其不足加以探討。通過對這一問題的研究,進而透視出國民政府在抗戰(zhàn)后為重構(gòu)社會秩序、解決失業(yè)問題做出的努力。 本文以官辦漢口職業(yè)介紹所的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、業(yè)務(wù)活動以及成效分析為主線,主要運用統(tǒng)計學(xué)的計量方法以及區(qū)域史的研究視角試圖展現(xiàn)該所的歷史真相及歷史意義。該所成立的時間只有短短的兩年半,但其成立及發(fā)展過程不僅展示出當(dāng)時社會發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、突出漢口區(qū)域特點,也為國民政府解決失業(yè)問題起到了一定作用。具體表現(xiàn)以下幾方面。 從漢口職業(yè)介紹所的成立背景來看,它是國家和社會的雙重需要。戰(zhàn)后國力重創(chuàng),失業(yè)狀況嚴(yán)重,為應(yīng)對此問題,穩(wěn)定社會必須要設(shè)立官辦職業(yè)介紹所。而漢口作為抗戰(zhàn)中損失最為嚴(yán)重的地區(qū),工廠倒閉,失業(yè)人多,這一機構(gòu)在漢口成立也是勢在必行。從組織情況來看,該所隨著業(yè)務(wù)的不斷開展,組織體系也在逐步發(fā)展。在運作程序上更是體現(xiàn)了科學(xué)化的特點,具有現(xiàn)代性。從其主要業(yè)務(wù)開展分析,更能突出該所的特點即業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展有縱橫交錯的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化模式特征。這一模式是該所盡力使業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展具有最佳效果,以漢口職介為中心,并指導(dǎo)、介紹與推廣為一體的小規(guī)模網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動。再從該所的具體工作成效來看,它既解決了一部分民眾的就業(yè)問題,并實踐了一種新的求職方式。但由于時局的影響,實踐過程的虎頭蛇尾等不足原因使其頗為遺憾�？傊�,通過對戰(zhàn)后漢口職業(yè)介紹所分析不難看出,國民政府在應(yīng)對失業(yè)問題重新建構(gòu)社會秩序方面也做出了嘗試和努力,為此我們應(yīng)該辯證地看待這一歷史真相。
[Abstract]:With the gradual attention to the study of social history, the study of unemployment in the Republic of China has been paid more and more attention by the academic community. However, previous studies focused on unemployment in the 1920s and 1930s, especially on the urban unemployment in Shanghai, but little attention was paid to the unemployment in Hankou after the war, and the research was relatively weak. Hankou, as an important economic center in Central China, suffered heavy losses in the War of Resistance against Japan. Taking Hankou (1946-1949) after the War of Resistance against Japan (1946-1949) as the time and space scope, taking the Hankou Employment Agency sponsored by the National Government as the research object, this paper makes use of the materials of Wuhan Archives and the newspapers and periodicals at that time through the time environment of the establishment of the Hankou Employment Agency. In the process of establishment, the development of the organization and the mode of network construction of its business are summarized and analyzed, and the final achievements and shortcomings of the institute are discussed. Through the study of this problem, the paper points out the efforts made by the National Government to reconstruct the social order and solve the unemployment problem after the War of Resistance against Japan. Based on the origin, development, business activities and effectiveness analysis of the official Hankou employment agency, this paper tries to show the historical truth and historical significance of Hankou employment agency by using the statistical measurement method and the research perspective of regional history. The establishment and development of the institute only lasted for two and a half years, but its establishment and development process not only showed the social development at that time, highlighted the regional characteristics of Hankou, but also played a certain role in solving the unemployment problem for the national government. Specific performance of the following aspects. From the background of the establishment of Hankou employment agency, it is the dual needs of the state and society. In order to deal with this problem, government-run employment agencies must be set up to stabilize the society. Hankou, as the region with the most serious losses in the War of Resistance against Japan, closed its factories and lost many people, so it is imperative to set up this institution in Hankou. From the organizational point of view, with the continuous development of business, the organizational system is also gradually developing. In the operation procedure, it embodies the characteristics of science and modernity. From the analysis of its main business, it can highlight the characteristics of the institute, that is, the development of the business has the characteristics of crisscross network mode. This model is a small scale network activity that the institute tries its best to make the business development with Hankou as the center, and guides, introduces and popularizes the small scale network activities. From the concrete effect of the institute, it not only solves the employment problem of some people, but also practices a new way of seeking employment. However, due to the influence of the current situation, the lack of practical process makes it rather regrettable. In a word, it is not difficult to find out through the analysis of the postwar Hankou Employment Agency that the National Government has also made attempts and efforts in dealing with the problem of unemployment and reconstructing the social order. Therefore, we should treat this historical truth dialectically.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F249.29;K26
本文編號：2191681
[Abstract]:With the gradual attention to the study of social history, the study of unemployment in the Republic of China has been paid more and more attention by the academic community. However, previous studies focused on unemployment in the 1920s and 1930s, especially on the urban unemployment in Shanghai, but little attention was paid to the unemployment in Hankou after the war, and the research was relatively weak. Hankou, as an important economic center in Central China, suffered heavy losses in the War of Resistance against Japan. Taking Hankou (1946-1949) after the War of Resistance against Japan (1946-1949) as the time and space scope, taking the Hankou Employment Agency sponsored by the National Government as the research object, this paper makes use of the materials of Wuhan Archives and the newspapers and periodicals at that time through the time environment of the establishment of the Hankou Employment Agency. In the process of establishment, the development of the organization and the mode of network construction of its business are summarized and analyzed, and the final achievements and shortcomings of the institute are discussed. Through the study of this problem, the paper points out the efforts made by the National Government to reconstruct the social order and solve the unemployment problem after the War of Resistance against Japan. Based on the origin, development, business activities and effectiveness analysis of the official Hankou employment agency, this paper tries to show the historical truth and historical significance of Hankou employment agency by using the statistical measurement method and the research perspective of regional history. The establishment and development of the institute only lasted for two and a half years, but its establishment and development process not only showed the social development at that time, highlighted the regional characteristics of Hankou, but also played a certain role in solving the unemployment problem for the national government. Specific performance of the following aspects. From the background of the establishment of Hankou employment agency, it is the dual needs of the state and society. In order to deal with this problem, government-run employment agencies must be set up to stabilize the society. Hankou, as the region with the most serious losses in the War of Resistance against Japan, closed its factories and lost many people, so it is imperative to set up this institution in Hankou. From the organizational point of view, with the continuous development of business, the organizational system is also gradually developing. In the operation procedure, it embodies the characteristics of science and modernity. From the analysis of its main business, it can highlight the characteristics of the institute, that is, the development of the business has the characteristics of crisscross network mode. This model is a small scale network activity that the institute tries its best to make the business development with Hankou as the center, and guides, introduces and popularizes the small scale network activities. From the concrete effect of the institute, it not only solves the employment problem of some people, but also practices a new way of seeking employment. However, due to the influence of the current situation, the lack of practical process makes it rather regrettable. In a word, it is not difficult to find out through the analysis of the postwar Hankou Employment Agency that the National Government has also made attempts and efforts in dealing with the problem of unemployment and reconstructing the social order. Therefore, we should treat this historical truth dialectically.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F249.29;K26
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