發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-18 12:35

【摘要】： 史稱(chēng)“丁戊奇荒”的清末大旱災(zāi)始于光緒二年間(1876年)的直隸省,后逐漸擴(kuò)大到整個(gè)華北、陜西、隴東、甚至波及川北及長(zhǎng)江以北各州府,其中旱情又以山東、直隸、河南、山西、陜西五省為最重。此次災(zāi)荒,歷時(shí)三年之久,直到光緒四年(1878年)才得以緩解,給當(dāng)時(shí)各受災(zāi)地區(qū)造成了巨大的災(zāi)難,災(zāi)情之重被時(shí)人稱(chēng)為“自清代以來(lái)二百三十余年末見(jiàn)之慘凄,未聞之悲痛”。雖然北方各省普遍受災(zāi),但是,由于自然條件、社會(huì)差異等因素的影響,使得各災(zāi)區(qū)的災(zāi)情以及災(zāi)后的賑濟(jì)情況又各不相同。本文擬以陜西地區(qū)在“丁戊奇荒”期間的災(zāi)情為背景,論述譚鐘麟從旱災(zāi)發(fā)生之前到旱災(zāi)結(jié)束后,在該省實(shí)施的備荒、賑濟(jì)及災(zāi)后恢復(fù)等一系列荒政措設(shè)的優(yōu)劣得失。 全文主要由四部分組成: 第一部分:主要介紹“丁戊奇荒”期間,陜西地區(qū)“餓殍遍野,赤地千里”的嚴(yán)重災(zāi)情,并從自然和社會(huì)兩個(gè)角度分析此次旱災(zāi)造成巨大災(zāi)難的原因。 第二部分:主要敘述了在陜西遭受荒災(zāi)之前,譚鐘麟所實(shí)施的興修水利、推廣蠶桑養(yǎng)殖、積糧備荒、整肅社會(huì)秩序等振興陜西的舉措。 第三部分:主要論及在“丁戊奇荒”期間,譚鐘麟在陜西所實(shí)施的籌錢(qián)、賑運(yùn)、放賑等一系列賑災(zāi)措施。 第四部分:主要論述了譚鐘麟為恢復(fù)遭受旱災(zāi)嚴(yán)重破壞的陜西地區(qū),在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、吏治等方面所做出的種種努力。
[Abstract]:The drought in the late Qing Dynasty, known as the "Dingwuqi wasteland," began in Zhili Province in the two years of Guang Xu (1876), and gradually expanded to the entire North China, Shaanxi, Longdong, and even affected northern Sichuan and the states north of the Yangtze River. Among them, the drought occurred in Shandong, Zhili, and Henan. Shanxi, Shaanxi five provinces for the heaviest. The famine, which lasted for three years, was not alleviated until four years in Guang Xu (1878), causing a great disaster to the affected areas at that time, and the severity of the disaster was described as "the tragedy seen at the end of more than 230 years since the Qing Dynasty." Unheard grief ". Although the northern provinces are generally affected by disasters, due to natural conditions, social differences and other factors, the disaster situation and the relief situation after the disaster are different. Based on the disaster situation in the period of "Dingwuqi" in Shaanxi Province, this paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a series of famine policies such as preparedness, relief and recovery in this province from the time before the drought to the end of the drought. The full text is composed of four parts: the first part: it mainly introduces the severe disaster of "starving victims everywhere and thousands of miles" in Shaanxi during the period of "Dingwu Qi". And from the natural and social perspectives to analyze the causes of the drought caused a huge disaster. The second part mainly describes the measures carried out by Tan Zhonglin to build water conservancy, popularize sericulture, store grain and prepare wasteland, and purge social order before Shaanxi was hit by famine. The third part mainly deals with a series of relief measures, such as raising money, relief transportation, relief and so on, carried out by Tan Zhonglin in Shaanxi during the period of "Dingwu Qi". The fourth part mainly discusses Tan Zhonglin's efforts in politics, economy, administration and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K256

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