戰(zhàn)后初期上海蘇北難民救濟(jì)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-05 16:45
【摘要】：抗戰(zhàn)勝利后,蘇北成為國共兩黨爭奪激烈的地區(qū),戰(zhàn)火不斷再加上自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā),蘇北民眾無法在當(dāng)?shù)厣嫦氯?大量逃難來到上海。安置難民是政府的職責(zé),本文以蘇北來滬難民為研究對象,描述了蘇北難民的基本概況,闡述了國民政府以及民間團(tuán)體兩大板塊救濟(jì)難民的機(jī)構(gòu)、政策和措施,最后分析了戰(zhàn)后初期上海救濟(jì)難民的成效與不足。 全文分五個(gè)部分進(jìn)行論述：第一部分主要分析了戰(zhàn)后來滬蘇北難民的基本狀況,認(rèn)為難民主要是由戰(zhàn)爭和災(zāi)荒引起的,他們?nèi)狈ψ跃鹊哪芰?急需救助；第二部分介紹國民政府設(shè)立的難民救濟(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)、政策以及民間的救濟(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)；第三部分主要闡述國民政府和民間救濟(jì)難民的各項(xiàng)措施。國民政府通過官方機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了救濟(jì),而民間的救濟(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)在進(jìn)行救濟(jì)款的籌集和難民登記后,通過發(fā)放物資,舉辦急賑、辦理難民小本貸款和遣送難民回鄉(xiāng)等一系列措施,使大批難民得到了安置。在救濟(jì)過程中,由蘇北旅滬同鄉(xiāng)人士組織的“上海蘇北流亡難民臨時(shí)救濟(jì)委員會”發(fā)揮了巨大的社會作用。 第四部分重點(diǎn)分析國民政府救濟(jì)難民的成效與不足。雖然政府的難民救濟(jì)制度和政策日趨規(guī)范化和制度化,但當(dāng)時(shí)的中國經(jīng)歷了長時(shí)間的戰(zhàn)爭和處在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的環(huán)境下,通貨膨脹嚴(yán)重,物資十分匱乏,再加上國民黨自身的腐敗,國民政府的救濟(jì)效果并不是很理想,弱化了政府的角色。第五部分分析了民間組織在救濟(jì)中的主導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Subei became an area in which the KMT and the CPC competed intensely. With the continuous war and the frequent natural disasters, the people of northern Jiangsu were unable to survive in the area, and a large number of people fled to Shanghai. The resettlement of refugees is the responsibility of the government. This paper takes the refugees from northern Jiangsu to Shanghai as the research object, describes the basic situation of refugees in northern Jiangsu, and expounds the organizations, policies and measures of the national government and civil society to relieve the refugees. Finally, the paper analyzes the effectiveness and deficiency of the relief of refugees in Shanghai in the early postwar period. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part mainly analyzes the basic situation of refugees in northern Shanghai and Jiangsu after the war, thinks that the refugees are mainly caused by the war and famine, they lack the ability to help themselves, they are in urgent need of rescue; The second part introduces the refugee relief agencies, policies and folk relief agencies set up by the National Government, and the third part mainly expounds the measures of the National Government and the folk relief for the refugees. The National Government has provided relief through official agencies. After collecting relief funds and registering refugees, non-governmental relief organizations have taken a series of measures, such as distributing supplies, organizing emergency relief, handling small loans for refugees and returning refugees to their hometowns. A large number of refugees were resettled. In the relief process, the "Shanghai interim Relief Committee for exiled Refugees in Northern Jiangsu Province", organized by fellow citizens from the northern Jiangsu Province, played a great social role. The fourth part focuses on the analysis of the effectiveness and insufficiency of the national government relief for the refugees. Although the government's refugee relief system and policy are becoming more and more standardized and institutionalized, at that time China experienced a long war and was in the environment of civil war, with serious inflation and a very short supply, plus the corruption of the Kuomintang itself. The national government's relief effect is not very ideal, weakened the government's role. The fifth part analyzes the leading role of civil organizations in relief.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K265
本文編號：2166380
[Abstract]:After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Subei became an area in which the KMT and the CPC competed intensely. With the continuous war and the frequent natural disasters, the people of northern Jiangsu were unable to survive in the area, and a large number of people fled to Shanghai. The resettlement of refugees is the responsibility of the government. This paper takes the refugees from northern Jiangsu to Shanghai as the research object, describes the basic situation of refugees in northern Jiangsu, and expounds the organizations, policies and measures of the national government and civil society to relieve the refugees. Finally, the paper analyzes the effectiveness and deficiency of the relief of refugees in Shanghai in the early postwar period. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part mainly analyzes the basic situation of refugees in northern Shanghai and Jiangsu after the war, thinks that the refugees are mainly caused by the war and famine, they lack the ability to help themselves, they are in urgent need of rescue; The second part introduces the refugee relief agencies, policies and folk relief agencies set up by the National Government, and the third part mainly expounds the measures of the National Government and the folk relief for the refugees. The National Government has provided relief through official agencies. After collecting relief funds and registering refugees, non-governmental relief organizations have taken a series of measures, such as distributing supplies, organizing emergency relief, handling small loans for refugees and returning refugees to their hometowns. A large number of refugees were resettled. In the relief process, the "Shanghai interim Relief Committee for exiled Refugees in Northern Jiangsu Province", organized by fellow citizens from the northern Jiangsu Province, played a great social role. The fourth part focuses on the analysis of the effectiveness and insufficiency of the national government relief for the refugees. Although the government's refugee relief system and policy are becoming more and more standardized and institutionalized, at that time China experienced a long war and was in the environment of civil war, with serious inflation and a very short supply, plus the corruption of the Kuomintang itself. The national government's relief effect is not very ideal, weakened the government's role. The fifth part analyzes the leading role of civil organizations in relief.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K265
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