【摘要】：婚姻是人類社會最為重要的社會關(guān)系之一。同治三年(1864)回亂,吐魯番也遭受戰(zhàn)禍。光緒三年(1877)年清軍收復(fù)吐魯番,當(dāng)?shù)厣a(chǎn)與社會秩序逐漸恢復(fù),人口逐漸增長,而婚姻糾紛與沖突案件也隨之增多。吐魯番地區(qū)漢、纏、回各族均有著不同的婚姻風(fēng)俗,但從清代法律來看,政府保護的是憑媒定娶、當(dāng)事雙方立寫婚書和收受聘禮的婚姻關(guān)系,這在當(dāng)?shù)馗髯寤橐黾m紛處理中,都是適用的。本文通過對大量檔案資料的分析研究,得到以下幾點共識:第一,婚姻糾紛與沖突伴隨著一段婚姻關(guān)系的始終,從婚姻關(guān)系的締結(jié)、到夫妻雙方結(jié)婚,及休妻與離異過程中,矛盾是普遍存在的,而漢、纏、回各民族在此則表現(xiàn)出一定的差異性。第二,在婚姻締結(jié)過程中,圍繞是否許親、主婚權(quán)、財禮銀等問題,當(dāng)事雙方發(fā)生一系列糾紛。夫妻沖突,多表現(xiàn)為日常生活瑣事引發(fā)的毆妻、殺妻案件,岳父母同女婿之間的沖突,多與夫妻沖突有關(guān)。贅婿同岳父母之間的矛盾,多與養(yǎng)老和財產(chǎn)繼承有關(guān)。關(guān)于纏回婚姻中的休妻與離異問題,伊斯蘭教法中有很多相關(guān)規(guī)定。在民間調(diào)解中,也常按照其中規(guī)定來處理。但在有關(guān)刑事案件中,吐魯番廳的判決以《大清律例》作為主要參考。第三,晚清吐魯番地區(qū)存在著一定數(shù)量的民族通婚現(xiàn)象,其中以漢男娶纏女和回男娶纏女較多。在民族通婚過程當(dāng)中,雙方由于宗教、文化差異經(jīng)常發(fā)生沖突。民族通婚受到當(dāng)?shù)厝丝凇⒚褡迮c社會政治局面的影響。第四,在晚清吐魯番地區(qū),婚姻糾紛案件有民間調(diào)解與上控官府兩類方式,一般民事案件,吐魯番同知多交由地方首領(lǐng)調(diào)查處理,但銷案權(quán)掌握在同知手中.如果調(diào)處失敗,或者是刑事案件,官府會傳集有關(guān)人等當(dāng)堂審訊。不同民族之間的通婚、互控,各民族的地方首領(lǐng)參與糾紛調(diào)解,不僅體現(xiàn)出晚清吐魯番地區(qū)婚姻的特點,也反映出當(dāng)?shù)馗髯逯g交往日漸頻繁的事實。
[Abstract]:Marriage is one of the most important social relations in human society. Tongzhi three years (1864) back to chaos, Turpan also suffered the scourge of war. In Guang Xu three years (1877), the Qing army recovered Turpan, the local production and social order gradually restored, the population gradually increased, and the cases of marriage disputes and conflicts also increased. In the Turpan region, all ethnic groups have different marriage customs, but according to the laws of the Qing Dynasty, the government protects the marriage relations between the two parties by means of marriage by means of media, and the two parties write marriage letters and receive dowry gifts. This is in the handling of marriage disputes among the local ethnic groups. They all apply. Based on the analysis and study of a large number of archival materials, this paper obtains the following points of consensus: first, marital disputes and conflicts are accompanied by a marriage relationship, from the conclusion of marriage to the marriage between husband and wife, as well as the process of divorce and divorce. Contradictions are common, and the Han, entangled, Hui ethnic groups here show certain differences. Second, in the process of marriage, there are a series of disputes between the two parties. The conflicts between husband and wife are mainly caused by the daily life trifles such as wife-affray, wife-killing cases, conflicts between mother-in-law and son-in-law, and most of them are related to the conflicts between husband and wife. The contradiction between son-in-law and her-in-law parents is related to pension and inheritance. There are many provisions in sharia law about divorce and repudiation. In folk mediation, also often according to the provisions to deal with. However, in the relevant criminal cases, Turpan Hall's judgment took the Qing Dynasty as the main reference. Third, there are a certain number of ethnic intermarriage in Turpan in the late Qing Dynasty, in which Han men marry women and Hui men marry girls. In the process of intermarriage, the two sides often clash because of religious and cultural differences. Ethnic intermarriage is affected by the local population, ethnic and socio-political situation. Fourth, in Turpan area of late Qing Dynasty, marriage dispute cases had two kinds of ways: folk mediation and superior prosecution. In general civil cases, Turpan's knowledge was mostly investigated by local leaders, but the right to cancel cases was in the hands of the same officials. If mediation fails, or is a criminal case, the government will gather relevant people and other hearings. The intermarriage and mutual control among different ethnic groups and the participation of local leaders in dispute mediation not only reflected the characteristics of marriage in Turpan in the late Qing Dynasty, but also reflected the fact that exchanges between local ethnic groups were becoming more and more frequent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K252

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