潘光旦民族主義思想研究（1922-1949）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-02 13:20
【摘要】：潘光旦是我國(guó)著名的社會(huì)學(xué)家、優(yōu)生學(xué)家、教育學(xué)家。潘光旦是后五四時(shí)期的知識(shí)分子，，他在年少求學(xué)階段接受過五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的洗禮，同時(shí)也經(jīng)歷了民族國(guó)家空前的危機(jī)時(shí)期。從清華學(xué)堂畢業(yè)之后，赴美國(guó)接受西方近代教育，研習(xí)了優(yōu)生學(xué)。在其整個(gè)研究過程中，他將生理與人文緊密結(jié)合在一起，同時(shí)結(jié)合當(dāng)時(shí)中華民族的實(shí)際情況做出科學(xué)的理論分析。在其整個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)思想中，包含了豐富的民族主義關(guān)懷。 第一章，潘光旦民族主義思想的產(chǎn)生：理論淵源與現(xiàn)實(shí)境遇。中國(guó)近代民族主義思想理論的來源主要有三種表現(xiàn)形式。第一，與傳統(tǒng)勢(shì)力相互聯(lián)合；第二，進(jìn)行徹底的社會(huì)變革；第三，通過對(duì)民族自身的改良而實(shí)現(xiàn)近代化。前兩點(diǎn)都具有明顯的政治學(xué)意義上的傾向，第三點(diǎn)在方法論上則相對(duì)特殊。潘光旦成長(zhǎng)于五四時(shí)期，在國(guó)內(nèi)接受過系統(tǒng)的儒家教育以及留學(xué)的預(yù)科教育，其基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)扎實(shí)。赴美留學(xué)時(shí)，選擇了優(yōu)生學(xué)�；貒�(guó)后，經(jīng)歷了抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)�，F(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)的境遇不斷影響潘光旦學(xué)術(shù)思想的改變。其理論也由不成熟而逐漸走向成熟。潘光旦的理論無論是在何種社會(huì)階段，其價(jià)值取向與根本訴求都是建立在民族利益之上的。 第二章，潘光旦前期學(xué)術(shù)思想包含種族競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與民族優(yōu)生。潘光旦運(yùn)用西方近代民族的相關(guān)理論，首先對(duì)中國(guó)近代民族情況進(jìn)行分析，得出近代中國(guó)民族存在的各種問題。隨后，在“優(yōu)生學(xué)”理論的指導(dǎo)下，進(jìn)行民族品性改良的相關(guān)論證。他試圖認(rèn)為民族的強(qiáng)大首先要使民族先天充足。 第三章，家族“倫理”與“民族”考量。潘光旦的思想意識(shí)活動(dòng)開始轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)τ诩彝惱黻P(guān)系的研究。首先，潘光旦指出中國(guó)家庭存在的問題。然后，論證了構(gòu)建新式倫理關(guān)系有利于民族“復(fù)興”的意義。只有構(gòu)建了新式的民主化的倫理關(guān)系，才能有助于民族整體的進(jìn)步。 第四章，教育與救國(guó)。潘光旦認(rèn)為，后天人文素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)是民族復(fù)興的關(guān)鍵。潘光旦的教育思想的核心是對(duì)于優(yōu)生學(xué)的自我批判，所以后期的民族素質(zhì)教育是對(duì)救國(guó)的重要認(rèn)知。同時(shí)，國(guó)難與教育休戚相關(guān)，肯定了人文主義在民族復(fù)興的重要意義之后，教育自然成為其焦點(diǎn)。但教育始終沒有找尋到其真正的意義之所在。即近代中國(guó)教育的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是什么。教育目標(biāo)的設(shè)定應(yīng)該與民族國(guó)家的命運(yùn)緊密相連。 第五章，筆者認(rèn)為，潘光旦的民族主義是以理性民族為中心且是不斷自我發(fā)展的理論。同時(shí)，它也存在一定的歷史局限性。以“優(yōu)生學(xué)”為中心的民族主義表達(dá)過于強(qiáng)調(diào)生物遺傳對(duì)于民族品性的影響。其次，也不難反映出，中國(guó)近代知識(shí)分子對(duì)于民族國(guó)家的構(gòu)建還存在一定的空想性。在這樣一個(gè)歷史情境下，潘光旦認(rèn)為，增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)是民族強(qiáng)盛的首要保證。同時(shí)要注重構(gòu)建合理的倫理關(guān)系與充分實(shí)施民族教育對(duì)民族國(guó)家的意義。
[Abstract]:Pan Guangdan is a famous sociologist, eugenist and educator in China. Pan Guangdan was an intellectual in the period of the May 4th Movement. He was baptized by the May 4th Movement in his early years of study and also experienced an unprecedented crisis period in the nation-state. After graduating from Tsinghua School, he went to the United States to receive western modern education and studied eugenics. In his whole research process, he closely combined physiology and humanities, and made a scientific theoretical analysis combined with the actual situation of the Chinese nation at that time. In his whole academic thought, contains the rich nationalism concern. The first chapter, the generation of Pan Guangdan's nationalism thought: theoretical origin and realistic situation. There are mainly three forms of expression of the theory of nationalism in modern China. First, unite with the traditional forces; second, carry on the thorough social transformation; third, realize the modernization through the improvement of the nation itself. The first two points have obvious tendency in the sense of political science, and the third point is relatively special in methodology. Pan Guangdan, who grew up in the May 4th period, received a systematic Confucian education and a preparatory education for studying abroad. His basic knowledge was solid. When studying in the United States, he chose eugenics. After returning to China, he experienced the War of Resistance against Japan and the War of Liberation. The circumstances of the real society constantly affect the change of Pan Guangdan's academic thought. Its theory also from immature and gradually to mature. No matter in what social stage, Pan Guangdan's theory is based on the national interests. In the second chapter, Pan Guangdan's early academic thought includes race competition and ethnic eugenics. Using the relevant theories of western modern nationalities, Pan Guangdan firstly analyzed the situation of Chinese modern nationalities, and obtained various problems existing in modern Chinese nationalities. Then, under the guidance of the theory of eugenics, the related argumentation of national character improvement is carried out. He tried to think that the strength of a nation should first of all be sufficient for the nation. The third chapter, family "ethics" and "nation" consideration. Pan Guangdan's ideological activities began to turn to the study of family ethics. First, Pan Guangdan points out the problems of Chinese families. Then, it demonstrates the significance of constructing the new ethical relationship in favor of the national rejuvenation. Only by constructing a new ethical relationship of democratization can we contribute to the progress of the nation as a whole. Chapter IV, Education and national salvation. Pan Guangdan believes that the cultivation of the acquired humanistic quality is the key to national rejuvenation. The core of Pan Guangdan's educational thought is the self-criticism of eugenics, so the later national quality education is an important cognition to save the nation. At the same time, the national disaster is closely related to education, affirming the humanism in the important significance of national rejuvenation, education naturally become its focus. But education has never found its true meaning. That is, the goal of modern Chinese education should be what. The setting of educational goals should be closely linked to the fate of nation-states. In the fifth chapter, the author believes that Pan Guangdan's nationalism is a rational nation centered and self-developing theory. At the same time, it also has some historical limitations. The nationalist expression centered on eugenics emphasizes too much on the influence of biological heredity on national character. Secondly, it is not difficult to reflect that modern Chinese intellectuals still have a certain utopia about the construction of nation-state. In such a historical situation, Pan Guangdan believes that strengthening the physique is the primary guarantee of national prosperity. At the same time, we should pay attention to the construction of reasonable ethical relations and the full implementation of national education to the significance of the nation-state.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉首大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D693.0;K26
[Abstract]:Pan Guangdan is a famous sociologist, eugenist and educator in China. Pan Guangdan was an intellectual in the period of the May 4th Movement. He was baptized by the May 4th Movement in his early years of study and also experienced an unprecedented crisis period in the nation-state. After graduating from Tsinghua School, he went to the United States to receive western modern education and studied eugenics. In his whole research process, he closely combined physiology and humanities, and made a scientific theoretical analysis combined with the actual situation of the Chinese nation at that time. In his whole academic thought, contains the rich nationalism concern. The first chapter, the generation of Pan Guangdan's nationalism thought: theoretical origin and realistic situation. There are mainly three forms of expression of the theory of nationalism in modern China. First, unite with the traditional forces; second, carry on the thorough social transformation; third, realize the modernization through the improvement of the nation itself. The first two points have obvious tendency in the sense of political science, and the third point is relatively special in methodology. Pan Guangdan, who grew up in the May 4th period, received a systematic Confucian education and a preparatory education for studying abroad. His basic knowledge was solid. When studying in the United States, he chose eugenics. After returning to China, he experienced the War of Resistance against Japan and the War of Liberation. The circumstances of the real society constantly affect the change of Pan Guangdan's academic thought. Its theory also from immature and gradually to mature. No matter in what social stage, Pan Guangdan's theory is based on the national interests. In the second chapter, Pan Guangdan's early academic thought includes race competition and ethnic eugenics. Using the relevant theories of western modern nationalities, Pan Guangdan firstly analyzed the situation of Chinese modern nationalities, and obtained various problems existing in modern Chinese nationalities. Then, under the guidance of the theory of eugenics, the related argumentation of national character improvement is carried out. He tried to think that the strength of a nation should first of all be sufficient for the nation. The third chapter, family "ethics" and "nation" consideration. Pan Guangdan's ideological activities began to turn to the study of family ethics. First, Pan Guangdan points out the problems of Chinese families. Then, it demonstrates the significance of constructing the new ethical relationship in favor of the national rejuvenation. Only by constructing a new ethical relationship of democratization can we contribute to the progress of the nation as a whole. Chapter IV, Education and national salvation. Pan Guangdan believes that the cultivation of the acquired humanistic quality is the key to national rejuvenation. The core of Pan Guangdan's educational thought is the self-criticism of eugenics, so the later national quality education is an important cognition to save the nation. At the same time, the national disaster is closely related to education, affirming the humanism in the important significance of national rejuvenation, education naturally become its focus. But education has never found its true meaning. That is, the goal of modern Chinese education should be what. The setting of educational goals should be closely linked to the fate of nation-states. In the fifth chapter, the author believes that Pan Guangdan's nationalism is a rational nation centered and self-developing theory. At the same time, it also has some historical limitations. The nationalist expression centered on eugenics emphasizes too much on the influence of biological heredity on national character. Secondly, it is not difficult to reflect that modern Chinese intellectuals still have a certain utopia about the construction of nation-state. In such a historical situation, Pan Guangdan believes that strengthening the physique is the primary guarantee of national prosperity. At the same time, we should pay attention to the construction of reasonable ethical relations and the full implementation of national education to the significance of the nation-state.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉首大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D693.0;K26
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