【摘要】：二戰(zhàn)后,為幫助世界受災(zāi)各國(guó)盡快恢復(fù)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)創(chuàng)傷、穩(wěn)定社會(huì)秩序,在英美等國(guó)的倡導(dǎo)下,成立了聯(lián)合國(guó)善后救濟(jì)總署。在中國(guó),成立了行政院善后救濟(jì)總署及在各地成立分署,利用聯(lián)總援華之物資對(duì)受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)破壞嚴(yán)重地區(qū)進(jìn)行善后與救濟(jì)。 1945年11月,善后救濟(jì)總署湖北分署一經(jīng)成立,即對(duì)湖北地區(qū)之災(zāi)情進(jìn)行調(diào)查,在了解湖北受災(zāi)情況的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)湖北善后救濟(jì)進(jìn)行規(guī)劃,明確湖北分署的使命,積極組建機(jī)構(gòu),開(kāi)展對(duì)湖北地區(qū)的善后救濟(jì)。湖北分署的善后救濟(jì)活動(dòng),一定程度上穩(wěn)定了湖北社會(huì)秩序,但在國(guó)共內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的時(shí)局下,善后救濟(jì)成果大打折扣。 本文分四部分進(jìn)行闡述： 第一部分闡述善后救濟(jì)之緣起及機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)立。簡(jiǎn)述戰(zhàn)后聯(lián)總、行總、解總的成立及湖北戰(zhàn)后災(zāi)情,明確湖北善后救濟(jì)的必要性和緊迫性。對(duì)湖北分署的設(shè)立、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、人員配備及善后救濟(jì)原則、物資儲(chǔ)運(yùn)等進(jìn)行分析。 第二部分主要對(duì)湖北分署所開(kāi)展的救濟(jì)與善后業(yè)務(wù)的具體實(shí)施進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述。湖北善后救濟(jì)工作分救濟(jì)與善后兩部分。1946年9月以前,主要以救濟(jì)為主,即開(kāi)展急賑、特賑、難民救濟(jì),為大批缺衣少食之民眾及返鄉(xiāng)之難民提供救濟(jì)。1946年9月以后,以善后為主,包括以工代賑、農(nóng)業(yè)復(fù)員、工礦復(fù)員和醫(yī)藥善后。 第三部分具體闡述湖北分署對(duì)中原解放區(qū)的善后救濟(jì)。受戰(zhàn)后國(guó)內(nèi)時(shí)局影響,國(guó)共對(duì)解放區(qū)的救濟(jì)呈現(xiàn)出合作與對(duì)峙相交織的局面。受聯(lián)總協(xié)定和國(guó)共和談的影響,行總不得不對(duì)解放區(qū)進(jìn)行救濟(jì),在中原解放區(qū)設(shè)立宣化店辦事處辦理中原解放區(qū)的善后救濟(jì)。但在救濟(jì)過(guò)程中,國(guó)共雙方出于各自不同的利益立場(chǎng),又難免產(chǎn)生摩擦,這樣,在對(duì)中原解放區(qū)的善后救濟(jì)過(guò)程中,出現(xiàn)各方力量的博弈。但因湖北分署內(nèi)有一批進(jìn)步民主人士及地下共產(chǎn)黨員從中斡旋,使中原解放區(qū)獲相對(duì)較多之物資,并為中原突圍的勝利作出重要貢獻(xiàn)。 第四部分對(duì)湖北分署善后救濟(jì)工作取得的成效及其行政效率進(jìn)行評(píng)估。湖北分署在艱難困苦的環(huán)境下,救濟(jì)了大批的災(zāi)民,為湖北經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)奠定了一定基礎(chǔ)。但同時(shí),受當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)政治軍事時(shí)局的影響,加上物資缺乏等客觀因素,使包括湖北在內(nèi)的全國(guó)善后救濟(jì)成果都大打折扣。因此,在這種情況下,從善后救濟(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)本身出發(fā),對(duì)其行政效率進(jìn)行分析,或許于我們而言更具意義。
[Abstract]:After World War II, in order to help the world's affected countries recover the war trauma as soon as possible and stabilize the social order, under the initiative of Britain and the United States and other countries, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration was established. In China, the Executive Yuan's General Administration for Rehabilitation and Relief and its branch offices have been set up in various localities to carry out rehabilitation and relief in areas seriously damaged by the war using the materials of the United Nations General Administration for Assistance to China. In November 1945, the Hubei Branch of the Rehabilitation and Relief Administration was established. That is, to investigate the disaster situation in Hubei, on the basis of understanding the situation of Hubei disaster relief planning for Hubei Province, to clarify the mission of Hubei Branch, to actively set up institutions to carry out relief for the aftermath of Hubei region. The relief activities of Hubei Branch have stabilized the social order in Hubei to a certain extent, but under the current situation of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the results of the relief after the rehabilitation have been greatly reduced. This article is divided into four parts: the first part describes the origin of relief and institutional establishment. The necessity and urgency of the relief after the postwar period in Hubei are described briefly, including the general union, the general operation, the total establishment and the post-war disaster situation in Hubei. This paper analyzes the establishment, organization, staffing and relief principle, material storage and transportation of Hubei Branch. The second part mainly elaborates the implementation of the relief and rehabilitation business carried out by Hubei Branch. The relief work in Hubei Province is divided into two parts: relief and rehabilitation. Before September 1946, relief was the main form of relief, namely, emergency relief, special relief and refugee relief, which provided relief to large numbers of people who were lacking food and clothing and who had returned home. After September 1946, To deal with the main aftermath, including relief for work, agricultural demobilization, mine demobilization and medical rehabilitation. The third part elaborates the relief of Hubei Branch to the Central Plains liberated areas. Influenced by the domestic situation after the war, the relief of the Kuomintang and Communist Party to the liberated areas presents a situation of intertwined cooperation and confrontation. Under the influence of the General Agreement of the United Nations and the KMT and CPC peace talks, the Party had to carry out relief to the liberated areas and set up a Xuanhuadian office in the liberated areas of the Central Plains to deal with the relief of the aftermath of the liberated areas in the Central Plains. However, in the process of relief, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, out of their respective interest positions, will inevitably produce friction, thus, in the relief process of the Central Plains liberated areas, there is a game of power between the parties. However, as a group of progressive Democrats and underground Communists mediated in Hubei Branch, the liberated areas of the Central Plains got relatively more materials and made important contributions to the victory of the Central Plains Breakthrough. The fourth part evaluates the effectiveness and administrative efficiency of the relief work of Hubei Branch. Hubei branch bureau relief a large number of disaster victims under the difficult and difficult environment, and laid a certain foundation for Hubei's economic recovery. But at the same time, under the influence of the domestic political and military situation at that time, coupled with the lack of materials and other objective factors, the relief results of the whole country, including Hubei Province, were greatly reduced. Therefore, in this case, it may be more meaningful for us to analyze the administrative efficiency of the relief organization itself.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K266

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