四川松潘縣禁煙問題研究（1935-1945年）
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-20 17:03
【摘要】：隨著蔣介石擊敗各派軍閥，南京國民政府在全國范圍內(nèi)完成形式上的統(tǒng)一，如何禁絕在全國越演越烈的煙毒之風(fēng)，被提到了中央政府的議題之上。此時日本已開始了有準(zhǔn)備的侵華之舉。在此時代大背景下，1935年至1945年，南京國民政府開展了轟轟烈烈的禁煙運(yùn)動。此次禁煙被稱為中國歷史上的第三次禁煙運(yùn)動。這一時期禁煙分為兩個階段，第一階段1935—1940年為“兩年禁毒、六年禁煙”時期，經(jīng)過聲勢浩大的禁煙之后，在四川松潘縣的土地上，依然有大片大片的罌粟花綻放，這就是“兩年禁毒、六年禁煙”過后四川松潘縣的真實狀況。鴉片在該地區(qū)沒有像政府想象的那樣完全絕跡，偷種時有發(fā)生。第二階段1941—1945年為禁煙善后時期，政府繼續(xù)前一時期的厲禁之風(fēng)，松潘縣偷種鴉片之風(fēng)因為政府大力鏟煙，嚴(yán)厲禁煙，在該階段有所收斂，禁煙取得了不錯的效果。南京國民政府全國禁煙運(yùn)動，是應(yīng)對日本侵華的客觀需要，主觀上也是南京國民政府鞏固在全國的統(tǒng)一。禁煙不僅體現(xiàn)了對毒品的禁絕之心，而且是中央政府對民族地區(qū)加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)治的一個重要舉措。本文試圖再現(xiàn)1935—1945年四川松潘縣禁煙的歷史過程，同時盡可能真實地描述當(dāng)時四川松潘縣因為種煙與禁煙而產(chǎn)生的社會動蕩，分析鏟煙風(fēng)波發(fā)生的原因。 除緒論外本文共分為五章。 第一章論述1935—1940年四川松潘縣禁煙。該章從松潘縣鴉片種植及其泛濫、松潘縣鴉片泛濫后的惡劣影響以及南京政府在四川省及松潘縣的禁煙成效三個方面對四川松潘縣禁煙的背景進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的介紹，為后面筆者對松潘縣進(jìn)行的禁煙研究做鋪墊。 第二章主要論述1941—1945年松潘縣如何進(jìn)行禁煙。該章首先對該時期禁煙的相關(guān)法規(guī)法令進(jìn)行了梳理；其次論述四川省及松潘縣的禁煙機(jī)構(gòu)歷史沿革；最后是本文的重點內(nèi)容之一，即分析該時期松潘縣禁煙的具體實施過程。 第三章是禁煙過程中的各方博弈。此章是本文的重點。首先是分析松潘縣地方官員乃至四川省政府的官員暗中勾結(jié)情況；其次，分析土司土官對禁煙的態(tài)度，指出他們對禁煙的態(tài)度是搖擺不定，說明土司主觀上有禁煙的意愿，客觀上需要種植鴉片獲取財富，維護(hù)地方統(tǒng)治權(quán)；再次，分析種鴉片的農(nóng)民的利益訴求，，指出在松潘種植其他農(nóng)作物無法滿足農(nóng)民的基本生存，這促使大量農(nóng)民不得不種鴉片；最后，分析松潘縣社會中存在的一股比較強(qiáng)的民間勢力即袍哥群體，強(qiáng)調(diào)袍哥對基層民眾有較強(qiáng)的控制作用。袍哥通過鴉片貿(mào)易獲得了豐厚利潤，所以袍哥群體是禁煙政策的主要反對者。 第四章，對1935—1945年四川松潘縣禁煙及其特點、禁煙的成敗、以及對后世的歷史啟迪三個方面進(jìn)行了綜合分析評價，指出松潘縣禁煙雖取得了一些成果，但算不上成功，其經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)值得后人深思。 第五章余論，對松潘縣禁煙問題從理論進(jìn)行分析，強(qiáng)調(diào)我們應(yīng)該看到1935—1945年四川松潘縣禁煙具有特殊的歷史意義。本次禁煙，使國民政府加強(qiáng)了對該縣民族地區(qū)的管理，是中國統(tǒng)一進(jìn)程中的一部分；禁煙過程客觀上強(qiáng)化了少數(shù)民族地區(qū)民眾及土司土官對國家和中央政府的認(rèn)同感，促進(jìn)了民族之間的融合與共同發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:As Jiang Jieshi defeated all the warlords, the national government of Nanjing completed the form of unity throughout the country, and how to ban the smoky wind in the country, and was mentioned above the issue of the central government. At this time Japan had started the preparations for the invasion of China. Under this background, the national government of Nanjing opened from 1935 to 1945. The ban was called the third anti smoking campaign in Chinese history. The ban was divided into two stages in this period. The first period from 1935 to 1940 was the period of "two years of drug control, six years of smoking". After a huge ban on the land of Songpan County, Sichuan, there were still large areas of poppy flowers. Blooming, this is the real situation in Songpan County, Sichuan, Sichuan after two years of drug control. The opium is not completely extinct in this area as the government imagined. The second stage of the period from 1941 to 1945 was the period of smoking control, the government continued the strict ban on the previous period, and the Songpan County stole the Opium wind because of the government's vigorous efforts. The national government of the national government of Nanjing is the objective need to deal with Japan's invasion of China, and it is also subjective to consolidate the national unity of the national government of Nanjing. The prohibition of smoking not only embodies the prohibition of the prohibition of drugs, but also the strengthening of the central government in the ethnic areas. This article attempts to reproduce the historical process of smoking ban in Songpan County, Sichuan, 1935 to 1945, and to describe the social unrest in Songpan County of Sichuan as much as possible at that time, and analyze the causes of the outbreak of the smoke.
In addition to the introduction, this article is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter discusses the prohibition of smoking in Songpan County, Sichuan, from 1935 to 1940. This chapter introduces the background of the smoking ban in Songpan County of Sichuan in detail from the Opium Planting and flooding in Songpan County, the abominable influence of the Opium flooding in Songpan county and the three aspects of the effect of the Nanjing government in Sichuan and Songpan, and the smoking ban in Songpan County, Sichuan. Research makes paving.
The second chapter mainly discusses how to ban smoking in Songpan county from 1941 to 1945. This chapter first combed the relevant regulations and decrees of the prohibition of smoking in this period, followed by the historical evolution of the anti smoking institutions in Sichuan and Songpan counties; finally, one of the key contents of this article is to analyze the specific implementation process of the prohibition of smoking in Songpan County in this period.
The third chapter is the game of all parties in the process of smoking ban. This chapter is the focus of this article. First, it analyzes the situation of Songpan county officials and the officials of Sichuan provincial government in the dark. Secondly, it analyzes the attitude of the Tusi officials to the prohibition of smoking, and points out that their attitude to the prohibition of smoking is swaying, and that the intention of the ban on smoking is objectively necessary. We should grow opium to gain wealth and maintain local rule, and again, analyze the interests of the farmers of the opium, and point out that planting other crops in Songpan can not satisfy the basic survival of the farmers, which makes a large number of farmers have to grow opium. Finally, an analysis is made of a relatively strong folk force, the robe group, in the society of Songpan County, It is emphasized that Pao has a strong control over the grass-roots people. Pao brothers have made huge profits through the opium trade, so the roc group is the main objection to the opium policy.
The fourth chapter, from 1935 to 1945, Sichuan Songpan County smoking control and its characteristics, the success or failure of the ban on smoking, and the historical enlightenment of later generations in three aspects of the comprehensive analysis and evaluation, pointing out that the Songpan County, although the ban on smoking has achieved some achievements, but it is not successful, its experience and lessons are worth deep thought for later generations.
The fifth chapter, after the analysis of the theory of smoking ban in Songpan County, emphasizes that we should see the special historical significance of the ban on smoking in Songpan County of Sichuan in the period from 1935 to 1945. This prohibition of smoking has made the national government strengthen the management of the ethnic areas in the county, and it is part of the process of China's unification; the process of smoking prohibition has objectively strengthened the minority nationalities. The sense of identity of the local people and chieftain officials towards the state and the central government promoted the integration and common development of the nationalities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K26
本文編號：2134175
[Abstract]:As Jiang Jieshi defeated all the warlords, the national government of Nanjing completed the form of unity throughout the country, and how to ban the smoky wind in the country, and was mentioned above the issue of the central government. At this time Japan had started the preparations for the invasion of China. Under this background, the national government of Nanjing opened from 1935 to 1945. The ban was called the third anti smoking campaign in Chinese history. The ban was divided into two stages in this period. The first period from 1935 to 1940 was the period of "two years of drug control, six years of smoking". After a huge ban on the land of Songpan County, Sichuan, there were still large areas of poppy flowers. Blooming, this is the real situation in Songpan County, Sichuan, Sichuan after two years of drug control. The opium is not completely extinct in this area as the government imagined. The second stage of the period from 1941 to 1945 was the period of smoking control, the government continued the strict ban on the previous period, and the Songpan County stole the Opium wind because of the government's vigorous efforts. The national government of the national government of Nanjing is the objective need to deal with Japan's invasion of China, and it is also subjective to consolidate the national unity of the national government of Nanjing. The prohibition of smoking not only embodies the prohibition of the prohibition of drugs, but also the strengthening of the central government in the ethnic areas. This article attempts to reproduce the historical process of smoking ban in Songpan County, Sichuan, 1935 to 1945, and to describe the social unrest in Songpan County of Sichuan as much as possible at that time, and analyze the causes of the outbreak of the smoke.
In addition to the introduction, this article is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter discusses the prohibition of smoking in Songpan County, Sichuan, from 1935 to 1940. This chapter introduces the background of the smoking ban in Songpan County of Sichuan in detail from the Opium Planting and flooding in Songpan County, the abominable influence of the Opium flooding in Songpan county and the three aspects of the effect of the Nanjing government in Sichuan and Songpan, and the smoking ban in Songpan County, Sichuan. Research makes paving.
The second chapter mainly discusses how to ban smoking in Songpan county from 1941 to 1945. This chapter first combed the relevant regulations and decrees of the prohibition of smoking in this period, followed by the historical evolution of the anti smoking institutions in Sichuan and Songpan counties; finally, one of the key contents of this article is to analyze the specific implementation process of the prohibition of smoking in Songpan County in this period.
The third chapter is the game of all parties in the process of smoking ban. This chapter is the focus of this article. First, it analyzes the situation of Songpan county officials and the officials of Sichuan provincial government in the dark. Secondly, it analyzes the attitude of the Tusi officials to the prohibition of smoking, and points out that their attitude to the prohibition of smoking is swaying, and that the intention of the ban on smoking is objectively necessary. We should grow opium to gain wealth and maintain local rule, and again, analyze the interests of the farmers of the opium, and point out that planting other crops in Songpan can not satisfy the basic survival of the farmers, which makes a large number of farmers have to grow opium. Finally, an analysis is made of a relatively strong folk force, the robe group, in the society of Songpan County, It is emphasized that Pao has a strong control over the grass-roots people. Pao brothers have made huge profits through the opium trade, so the roc group is the main objection to the opium policy.
The fourth chapter, from 1935 to 1945, Sichuan Songpan County smoking control and its characteristics, the success or failure of the ban on smoking, and the historical enlightenment of later generations in three aspects of the comprehensive analysis and evaluation, pointing out that the Songpan County, although the ban on smoking has achieved some achievements, but it is not successful, its experience and lessons are worth deep thought for later generations.
The fifth chapter, after the analysis of the theory of smoking ban in Songpan County, emphasizes that we should see the special historical significance of the ban on smoking in Songpan County of Sichuan in the period from 1935 to 1945. This prohibition of smoking has made the national government strengthen the management of the ethnic areas in the county, and it is part of the process of China's unification; the process of smoking prohibition has objectively strengthened the minority nationalities. The sense of identity of the local people and chieftain officials towards the state and the central government promoted the integration and common development of the nationalities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K26
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