本文選題：民國時(shí)期 + 常德地區(qū)　； 參考：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：常德地區(qū)位于長江中游的荊江沿岸，湖南省西北部，洞庭湖地區(qū)，西枕武陵山脈，北鄰湖北省西南部，南靠益陽，東臨洞庭湖。明中后期以來，水災(zāi)成為這一地區(qū)最主要的自然災(zāi)害，給人民的生活帶來了巨大的危害。因此，研究這一地區(qū)的水災(zāi)問題顯得十分重要。 民國時(shí)期常德地區(qū)水災(zāi)頻頻發(fā)生，探討水災(zāi)做造成的影響，并深入探究水災(zāi)發(fā)生的原因、減災(zāi)防災(zāi)及賑災(zāi)救災(zāi)措施等。民國時(shí)期常德地區(qū)幾乎每年都出現(xiàn)水災(zāi)，這與自然因素及社會(huì)因素密切相關(guān)。一般來說，自然因素我們很難改變，但是造成水災(zāi)的社會(huì)因素諸如森林植被破壞，水土流失嚴(yán)重；圍湖造田，大肆圈地；賑災(zāi)不力；兵燹連年；水利失修等情況，都是人力能夠改變的。為了減少水災(zāi)發(fā)生帶來的巨大損失，政府采取了減災(zāi)防災(zāi)措施：建倉儲(chǔ)糧、水利建設(shè)、植樹造林等措施，希冀防患于未然，但由于執(zhí)行過程中出現(xiàn)事與愿違的情況，以致減災(zāi)防災(zāi)措施多屬一紙空文�；蛴捎谧匀换蛴捎谌藶樵�，水災(zāi)發(fā)生后，當(dāng)時(shí)政府雖采取了各種措施來賑災(zāi)救災(zāi)：蠲免賦稅、急賑、工賑、農(nóng)賑等，但是由于賑災(zāi)人員中飽私囊，名為“賑災(zāi)救災(zāi)”，實(shí)為“加重災(zāi)害”，并沒有改變?yōu)拿竦木硾r；民國時(shí)期民間出現(xiàn)了不少慈善團(tuán)體，他們的一些賑災(zāi)救災(zāi)措施在某種程度上對(duì)減輕災(zāi)害影響、拯救災(zāi)民生活起到了一定的作用。盡管有部分賑災(zāi)救災(zāi)措施是有效的，但是水災(zāi)的發(fā)生不可避免的給農(nóng)業(yè)、工商業(yè)、社會(huì)秩序等方面造成極壞的影響。 研究民國時(shí)期常德地區(qū)的水災(zāi)的意義十分重大，，既可以豐富地方災(zāi)荒史的研究，又對(duì)于我們當(dāng)今社會(huì)水災(zāi)防治提供經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。
[Abstract]:Changde region is located along the Jingjiang River in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, northwest of Hunan Province, Dongting Lake area, west of Xinwuling Mountains, north of southwestern Hubei Province, south of Yiyang, east of Dongting Lake. Since the middle and late Ming Dynasty, flood has become the most important natural disaster in this area and brought great harm to people's life. Therefore, it is very important to study the flood problem in this area. In the period of the Republic of China, the flood occurred frequently in Changde area, the influence caused by the flood was discussed, and the causes of the flood, the measures of disaster reduction, disaster prevention and disaster relief, etc. In the period of the Republic of China, there were floods almost every year in Changde area, which was closely related to natural and social factors. Generally speaking, natural factors are difficult to change, but social factors that cause floods, such as forest vegetation destruction, serious soil erosion, reclamation of lakes and fields, inadequate disaster relief, successive years of war and water conservancy disrepair, etc. All can be changed by manpower. In order to reduce the huge losses caused by the flood, the government has taken measures for disaster reduction and prevention: grain storage, water conservancy construction, afforestation, etc., in the hope of preventing trouble in the first place, but due to the situation of backtracking in the course of implementation, As a result, disaster reduction and prevention measures are mostly empty paper. Or because of natural or man-made reasons, after the flood, although the government adopted various measures for disaster relief at that time, such as tax relief, emergency relief, relief for work, relief for agriculture, etc., but because the disaster relief personnel had ploughed their own pockets, it was called "disaster relief and relief." In fact, "aggravating disasters" did not change the situation of the victims. In the period of the Republic of China, many charitable organizations appeared, and some of their disaster relief measures played a certain role in mitigating the impact of disasters and saving the lives of the victims. Although some of the disaster relief measures are effective, the occurrence of floods will inevitably have a very bad impact on agriculture, industry and commerce, social order, and so on. It is of great significance to study the flood in Changde area during the period of the Republic of China, which can not only enrich the study of the history of local famine, but also provide experience and lessons for flood prevention and control in our society today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P426.616;K258

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本文編號(hào)：2052836