發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-09 01:34

  本文選題：天津商會(huì) + 籌還國(guó)債運(yùn)動(dòng)　； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初的中國(guó)社會(huì),滿目瘡痍。在經(jīng)歷了甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、八國(guó)聯(lián)軍侵華戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后,清王朝處于風(fēng)雨飄搖之中�！恶R關(guān)條約》和《辛丑條約》的巨額賠款,更使清政府背負(fù)了沉重的債務(wù)。同時(shí),清政府面臨的內(nèi)憂外患狀況也迫使其不得不進(jìn)行改革以維護(hù)其統(tǒng)治,清末新政便是這種社會(huì)狀況下的應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。因新政而產(chǎn)生并強(qiáng)大起來的商會(huì)組織,在20世紀(jì)初中國(guó)社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面發(fā)生了作用,并試圖通過運(yùn)用其所擁有的社會(huì)的力量,實(shí)現(xiàn)為國(guó)分憂、為民請(qǐng)命的使命。由天津商會(huì)發(fā)起的1909至1910年的全國(guó)性的籌還國(guó)債運(yùn)動(dòng),就是其中一個(gè)重要事件。 所謂籌還國(guó)債,是指由天津商會(huì)發(fā)起,試圖動(dòng)員全國(guó)各社會(huì)階層,通過民間籌集的方式,籌集到足夠的資金,替清政府歸還因甲午、庚子兩次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)賠款所欠的巨額外債,以避免列強(qiáng)借外債問題監(jiān)督中國(guó)財(cái)政的嚴(yán)重局面。這個(gè)號(hào)召震動(dòng)全國(guó),產(chǎn)生了一場(chǎng)為時(shí)一年之久的全國(guó)性運(yùn)動(dòng)。本文將全面考察這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。主要分三個(gè)部分:首先,天津商會(huì)是如何動(dòng)員社會(huì)力量開展籌還國(guó)債運(yùn)動(dòng)的。其次,各省的紳界、商界、學(xué)界是怎樣響應(yīng)天津商會(huì)的號(hào)召開展運(yùn)動(dòng)的,在這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中,歷來與民間運(yùn)動(dòng)持對(duì)立態(tài)度的清政府是如何與運(yùn)動(dòng)保持良好關(guān)系的。再次,運(yùn)動(dòng)持續(xù)了一年最終失敗了,它是怎樣失敗的,為什么會(huì)失敗。本文將通過以上問題剖析,理清清末籌還國(guó)債運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)生發(fā)展的基本線索,借以考察以天津商會(huì)為代表的商會(huì)組織在市民社會(huì)中的地位和作用,使今人對(duì)籌還國(guó)債這場(chǎng)大體了解但知之不深的事件,有個(gè)基本清晰完整的概念。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century, Chinese society was devastated. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1895 and the invasion of China by the allied forces of the eight powers, the Qing Dynasty was in turmoil. The huge indemnities of the Treaty of the people's Republic of China and the Treaty of Xin Chou made the Qing government burdened with heavy debts. At the same time, the internal and external situation of the Qing government forced it to carry on the reform to maintain its rule. The New deal of the late Qing Dynasty was the stress reaction under this kind of social condition. In the early 20th century, the organization of chambers of commerce, which was created and strengthened by the New deal, played a role in all aspects of social life in China, and tried to use the social power it possessed to realize the mission of sharing national worries and asking for the people's orders. One of the important events was the nationwide campaign for raising and returning national debt launched by the Tianjin Chamber of Commerce from 1909 to 1910. The so-called "raising and returning of national debt" is initiated by the Tianjin Chamber of Commerce in an attempt to mobilize all social strata throughout the country and raise funds through the private sector. Sufficient funds were raised to pay off the huge foreign debts owed by the Qing government due to the reparations for the two wars in 1894 and 1894, so as to avoid the serious situation of the foreign powers borrowing foreign debts to supervise China's finances. The call shook the country and produced a year-long national campaign. This article will examine this movement comprehensively. It is divided into three parts: first, Tianjin Chamber of Commerce is how to mobilize social forces to carry out the campaign to raise national debt. Secondly, how did the gentry, business and academic circles in various provinces respond to the call of the Tianjin Chamber of Commerce to carry out the movement? in this movement, the Qing government, which has always held an antagonistic attitude to the folk movement, maintained a good relationship with the movement. Again, the movement lasted a year and finally failed, how it failed and why it failed. Through the analysis of the above problems, this paper will clear up the basic clues of the movement of raising and returning the national debt in the late Qing Dynasty, so as to investigate the status and role of the chamber of commerce organizations represented by the Tianjin Chamber of Commerce in the civil society. To give people a general understanding of the issue of the return of treasury bonds, but not well-known, there is a basic clear and complete concept.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K257

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本文編號(hào)：1998199