本文選題：建國初期 + 農(nóng)村婦女��； 參考：《山西師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：建國初期,中國婦女受教育水平普遍很低,90%以上的婦女是文盲。在農(nóng)村,婦女文盲占文盲總數(shù)的95%以上。婦女文盲的大量存在嚴重影響新中國國民經(jīng)濟的恢復(fù)與發(fā)展以及婦女各項權(quán)益的落實。為了提高婦女群眾的文化水平,建國初期開展了一場轟轟烈烈的婦女掃盲教育活動。然而在國家各項政治、經(jīng)濟建設(shè)任務(wù)繁重之時,費事、費力且見效較慢的農(nóng)村婦女掃盲教育開展初期并不順利。除了各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部、特別是基層干部的不重視,傳統(tǒng)觀念對婦女的束縛,家庭成員的牽絆以及輿論壓力都給掃盲教育帶來諸多困難。排除上述主觀因素,客觀上沒有明確的掃盲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機構(gòu)、缺乏適合成年婦女使用的教材、沒有一支優(yōu)秀的教師隊伍等問題也都制約著掃盲教育的發(fā)展。盡管面臨諸多困難,在黨中央的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,全國各地的掃盲教育仍舊逐步發(fā)展起來。各地的掃盲教師不斷地在實際教學活動中總結(jié)出了適合農(nóng)村婦女學習的授課內(nèi)容、找到了既能顧全勞動、也不耽誤學習的教學組織形式,尋到了適合成年婦女認知習慣與規(guī)律的教學方法。特別是在黨中央加強了對各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部思想教育后,掃盲教育從中央到地方確立起了相應(yīng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機構(gòu),加強了對農(nóng)村婦女掃盲教育工作的指導(dǎo),掃盲教育工作逐步走上正規(guī)。在1949—1958年間,農(nóng)村婦女掃盲教育取得豐碩成果。首先,掃盲教育極大地提高了廣大農(nóng)村婦女的文化水平,為她們學習先進的生產(chǎn)技術(shù),使用先進生產(chǎn)工具,進而提高勞動生產(chǎn)率創(chuàng)造了有利條件;其次,掃盲教育中的政治教育和時政教育提高了農(nóng)村婦女的愛國意識與思想覺悟,使她們真正有了國家主人翁的心態(tài)與意識;再次,掃盲教育中的婦幼衛(wèi)生知識給廣大農(nóng)村婦女和兒童的身體健康提供了保證,科學的衛(wèi)生護理、接生法大大提高了新生兒的存活率,促進了農(nóng)村家庭的和諧發(fā)展。建國初期的農(nóng)村婦女掃盲教育既有成效,也有不足,對這一階段的婦女掃盲教育進行批判性的學習,能夠為當今的婦女解放與社會發(fā)展提供一定的借鑒。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, over 90 percent of Chinese women were illiterate. In rural areas, illiteracy among women accounts for more than 95 per cent of the total number of illiterate persons. The large number of illiterate women has seriously affected the recovery and development of the national economy and the implementation of women's rights and interests. In order to improve the cultural level of women, a vigorous literacy education for women was launched in the early days of the people's Republic of China. However, when the political and economic construction tasks of the country are heavy, the rural women's literacy education, which is painstaking, laborious and slow to get results, does not go smoothly at the initial stage. In addition to the neglect of leading cadres at all levels, especially those at the grass-roots level, the constraints of traditional concepts on women, the constraints of family members and the pressure of public opinion have brought many difficulties to literacy education. Excluding the above subjective factors, objectively there is no clear literacy leadership institutions, lack of suitable adult women use of teaching materials, lack of an excellent team of teachers are also restricting the development of literacy education. Despite many difficulties, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee, literacy education throughout the country is still gradually developing. In their practical teaching activities, local literacy teachers have constantly summed up the teaching contents suitable for rural women to study, and have found a form of teaching organization that can take care of both labor and study without delay. A teaching method suitable for adult women's cognitive habits and rules has been found. Especially after the Party Central Committee has strengthened ideological education for leading cadres at all levels, the corresponding leading organs have been established for literacy education from the central to the local levels, and the guidance for rural women's literacy education has been strengthened, and literacy education work has gradually taken the form of formalization. Between 1949 and 1958, rural women's literacy education achieved fruitful results. First, literacy education has greatly improved the literacy level of rural women, creating favourable conditions for them to learn advanced production techniques and use advanced production tools, thereby increasing labour productivity. The political education and current political education in literacy education have enhanced the patriotic consciousness and ideological consciousness of rural women, so that they really have the mentality and consciousness of national ownership; once again, The knowledge of maternal and child health in literacy education provides a guarantee for the health of rural women and children. Scientific health care and birth delivery law greatly improve the survival rate of newborns and promote the harmonious development of rural families. The literacy education of rural women in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China has both achievements and shortcomings. The critical study of literacy education for women in this stage can provide some references for the emancipation of women and the development of society today.
【學位授予單位】：山西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K27

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李治邦;趙正;;論功能性掃盲在消除農(nóng)村貧困中的作用[J];農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟與科技;2014年05期

2 沙健孫;;毛澤東關(guān)于社會主義文化建設(shè)的若干思想[J];毛澤東鄧小平理論研究;2012年08期

3 張靜;;功能性掃盲探析[J];現(xiàn)代企業(yè)教育;2010年14期

4 宋潔;;建國初期農(nóng)村掃盲運動的特點[J];黨史文苑;2006年12期

5 顧寧;建國以來女性教育的成果、問題及對策[J];當代中國史研究;2005年06期

6 夏海鷹;關(guān)于加快我國婦女掃盲教育的思考[J];理論與改革;2005年02期

7 黃嫣梨;建國后婦女地位的提升[J];清華大學學報(哲學社會科學版);1999年03期

8 陳鵬;;建國初期我國掃盲教育的基本經(jīng)驗及啟示[J];陜西師范大學成人教育學院學報;1999年02期

9 劉茜;我國女性文盲特征與掃盲對策思考[J];西南師范大學學報(哲學社會科學版);1998年03期

10 淺井加葉子,王國勛,劉岳兵;1949—1966年中國成人掃盲教育的歷史回顧[J];當代中國史研究;1997年02期

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前8條

1 胡艷平;山西省掃盲運動研究（1950-1956）[D];山西師范大學;2013年

2 王藝儒;建國初17年甘肅掃盲教育研究[D];西北師范大學;2010年

3 劉海霞;1948～1958年保定市北市區(qū)掃盲運動研究[D];河北大學;2008年

4 歐陽御賢;1949-1956年武漢掃盲運動研究[D];華中師范大學;2008年

5 胡研;建國初期中國共產(chǎn)黨的婦女政策研究（1949年-1956年）[D];華東師范大學;2008年

6 馮晨光;20世紀50年代河北省農(nóng)村掃盲運動研究[D];河北師范大學;2008年

7 駱仲冕;“文革”前十七年（1950～1966）四川農(nóng)村的掃盲教育[D];四川師范大學;2007年

8 孫麗蘋;論新中國成立初期中國婦女地位的提高[D];河北師范大學;2003年

，

本文編號：1955038