本文選題：鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) + 清廷　； 參考：《歷史教學(xué)(下半月刊)》2017年04期

【摘要】：鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間,清廷對(duì)中國(guó)沿海的地理形勢(shì)、海岸特點(diǎn)以及海洋水文要素展開大規(guī)模調(diào)查,據(jù)此掌握海防知識(shí),用以指引海防部署,涉及范圍北至奉天,南及廣東,其調(diào)查結(jié)果的精確度較高。但清廷奉行守�？趹�(zhàn)略,也不了解英軍的軍事實(shí)力和戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù),水文調(diào)查結(jié)果反而令其誤判英軍的進(jìn)攻方向,將主要海防力量部署在缺少礁淺沙線的�？�,疏忽了對(duì)許多淺狹的海口、水道和內(nèi)河的防范,這使英軍利用海軍攻擊正面和陸軍抄襲側(cè)后的戰(zhàn)術(shù)屢試不爽。對(duì)水文調(diào)查結(jié)果的錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)用,也是鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)失敗的重要原因。
[Abstract]:During the Opium War, the Qing government carried out a large-scale investigation of the geographical situation, coastal characteristics and marine hydrological elements of China's coastal areas, so as to master the knowledge of coastal defense to guide the deployment of coastal defense, covering the north to Fengtian, the south and Guangdong. The accuracy of its findings is high. However, the Qing government pursued the Haikou strategy and did not understand the military strength and strategic tactics of the British army. Instead, the hydrological investigation result led it to misjudge the direction of the British attack and deploy the main coastal defense forces in Haikou, where the reef and sand line is missing. Neglecting to guard against many shallow estuaries, waterways, and inland waterways, the British use naval assault frontal and army plagiarism tactics. The wrong application of hydrological survey results is also an important reason for the defeat of the Opium War.
【作者單位】： 浙江師范大學(xué)人文學(xué)院歷史系;
【基金】：國(guó)家社科基金青年項(xiàng)目“清中葉英國(guó)在南海的地圖測(cè)繪及其影響研究(1780—1820)”(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):15CZS015)階段性成果
【分類號(hào)】：E295;K252
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本文編號(hào)：1947218