本文選題：半日學堂 + 清末新政　； 參考：《上海社會科學院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文通過分析和梳理清末新政時期推廣社會教育的重要機構一一半日學堂的起源、發(fā)展及其特點,聚焦于半日學堂與普通中小學堂在初等教育領域的關聯(lián)以及它在近代中國社會發(fā)展當中的地位。由此本文認為半日學堂對于中國教育現(xiàn)代化產(chǎn)生了重要作用,極大推動了普通群眾的識字掃盲水平,并為建國之后的掃盲教育積累豐富的教學實踐經(jīng)驗,同時也可以視作清末社會各階層社會改良的一次重要嘗試。現(xiàn)將本文各章節(jié)主要內容觀點摘要如下:第一章通過對半日學堂在清末時期起源的考察,以及在中國近代教育史當中的地位,表明半日學堂的產(chǎn)生深深根植于近代中國的現(xiàn)實社會環(huán)境,清末新教育思想的傳播、日本的文明開化觀、德國國家公民教育思想的傳播、新政教育改革當中對于初等教育的重視、學部勸學所的成立都對半日學堂這類社會業(yè)余補習學校的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要的推動作用。第二章集中探討半日學堂在清末幾年當中產(chǎn)生和在全國各地的發(fā)展情況,指出半日學堂填補了官辦中小學堂未給普通民眾識字教育的資源空間,這一新式學堂因而獲得巨大的成功,短短數(shù)年時間就由直隸擴張至全國各省。并且通過具體統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù),勾勒出清末半日學堂的發(fā)展規(guī)律和趨勢,認為各省行政長官和當?shù)毓偌濍A層對于新式教育的開明程度決定半日學堂在當?shù)匕l(fā)展水平的高低。第三章主要分析半日學堂的辦學特征�；诎肴諏W堂招收"貧家子弟"和"年長失學者"的教學理念,教育對象上十分多樣化,均保持十分寬松的入學條件;教學設施上充分利用當?shù)睾喡墓矆鏊?師資來源上則充分挖掘各類有志于中國教育改革的人群。學制和教材運用上也十分靈活,能夠半日讀書,半日營生。第四章就半日學堂與近代中國社會改良之間的關聯(lián)展開探討。認為半日學堂率先采用的拼音識字法對快速提高國民的識字率有重要的歷史貢獻,直到今日,此種識字方法依然被廣泛采用。在近代社會移風易俗上也有突出貢獻,半日學堂的宣講、閱報活動與勸學所共同舉辦,宣講員多兼任半日學堂的師資,其學員也多是積極參與者,這些舉措都十分利于中國近代社會的文明開化。第五章對半日學堂與中國教育現(xiàn)代化的關聯(lián)展開綜合評述,著重探討半日學堂興起的原因,對初等教育的貢獻以及整合地方教育資源的貢獻。認為其對落后的中國不僅具有歷史意義,對于今日邊疆落后地區(qū)的掃盲教育依然有現(xiàn)實價值。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes and combs the origin, development and characteristics of the school, which is an important institution of promoting social education in the late Qing Dynasty. Focusing on the relationship between half-day school and ordinary primary and secondary schools in the field of primary education and its status in the development of modern Chinese society. This paper holds that the half-day school has played an important role in the modernization of education in China, has greatly promoted the literacy level of the ordinary people, and accumulated rich teaching practice experience for the literacy education after the founding of the people's Republic of China. At the same time, it can also be regarded as an important attempt of social improvement in all social strata in the late Qing Dynasty. The main contents of this paper are summarized as follows: the first chapter through the investigation of the origin of the half-day school in the late Qing Dynasty, as well as the status in the modern history of education in China. It shows that the birth of the half-day school is deeply rooted in the realistic social environment of modern China, the spread of the new educational thought in the late Qing Dynasty, the civilized view of Japan, and the dissemination of the German national civic education thought. In the reform of the New deal education, the importance of primary education and the establishment of the Ministry of Education persuasion have played an important role in promoting the development of half-day schools such as social amateur tutorial schools. The second chapter focuses on the development of half-day schools in the last few years of the Qing Dynasty, and points out that the half-day schools have filled up the resource space that the government-run primary and secondary schools have not given the literacy education to the ordinary people. The new school was a great success, expanding from Zhili to provinces in a few years. Through the specific statistical data, this paper outlines the development law and trend of the half-day school in the late Qing Dynasty, and thinks that the enlightened degree of the provincial administrators and the local officials and gentry class determines the level of development of the half-day school in the local area. The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of half-day school. Based on the teaching concept of "children from poor families" and "older lost scholars" in half-day schools, the educational objects are very diverse and the conditions for admission are very relaxed. The teaching facilities make full use of the local public places of the poor. The source of teachers fully excavates all kinds of people who are interested in China's educational reform. The school system and the use of teaching materials are also very flexible, half-day reading, half-day business. The fourth chapter discusses the relationship between half-day school and modern Chinese social reform. It is considered that the Pinyin Literacy method, which was first adopted by the Half-Day School, has an important historical contribution to the rapid improvement of the literacy rate of the people. Up to now, this method is still widely used. There were also outstanding contributions to the change of customs in modern society. The propaganda and newspaper reading activities of the half-day school, together with the persuasion institute, were held jointly, and many of the preachers were teachers of the half-day school, and most of their students were active participants. These measures are very conducive to the civilization of modern Chinese society. Chapter five makes a comprehensive review of the relationship between half-day schools and the modernization of education in China, focusing on the reasons for the rise of half-day schools, their contribution to primary education and the contribution of integrating local educational resources. It is not only of historical significance to backward China, but also of practical value to the literacy education in the backward frontier areas today.
【學位授予單位】：上海社會科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K257.5

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