本文選題：半日學(xué)堂 + 清末新政　； 參考：《上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文通過(guò)分析和梳理清末新政時(shí)期推廣社會(huì)教育的重要機(jī)構(gòu)一一半日學(xué)堂的起源、發(fā)展及其特點(diǎn),聚焦于半日學(xué)堂與普通中小學(xué)堂在初等教育領(lǐng)域的關(guān)聯(lián)以及它在近代中國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展當(dāng)中的地位。由此本文認(rèn)為半日學(xué)堂對(duì)于中國(guó)教育現(xiàn)代化產(chǎn)生了重要作用,極大推動(dòng)了普通群眾的識(shí)字掃盲水平,并為建國(guó)之后的掃盲教育積累豐富的教學(xué)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),同時(shí)也可以視作清末社會(huì)各階層社會(huì)改良的一次重要嘗試�，F(xiàn)將本文各章節(jié)主要內(nèi)容觀點(diǎn)摘要如下:第一章通過(guò)對(duì)半日學(xué)堂在清末時(shí)期起源的考察,以及在中國(guó)近代教育史當(dāng)中的地位,表明半日學(xué)堂的產(chǎn)生深深根植于近代中國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)環(huán)境,清末新教育思想的傳播、日本的文明開(kāi)化觀、德國(guó)國(guó)家公民教育思想的傳播、新政教育改革當(dāng)中對(duì)于初等教育的重視、學(xué)部勸學(xué)所的成立都對(duì)半日學(xué)堂這類(lèi)社會(huì)業(yè)余補(bǔ)習(xí)學(xué)校的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要的推動(dòng)作用。第二章集中探討半日學(xué)堂在清末幾年當(dāng)中產(chǎn)生和在全國(guó)各地的發(fā)展情況,指出半日學(xué)堂填補(bǔ)了官辦中小學(xué)堂未給普通民眾識(shí)字教育的資源空間,這一新式學(xué)堂因而獲得巨大的成功,短短數(shù)年時(shí)間就由直隸擴(kuò)張至全國(guó)各省。并且通過(guò)具體統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),勾勒出清末半日學(xué)堂的發(fā)展規(guī)律和趨勢(shì),認(rèn)為各省行政長(zhǎng)官和當(dāng)?shù)毓偌濍A層對(duì)于新式教育的開(kāi)明程度決定半日學(xué)堂在當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)展水平的高低。第三章主要分析半日學(xué)堂的辦學(xué)特征�；诎肴諏W(xué)堂招收"貧家子弟"和"年長(zhǎng)失學(xué)者"的教學(xué)理念,教育對(duì)象上十分多樣化,均保持十分寬松的入學(xué)條件;教學(xué)設(shè)施上充分利用當(dāng)?shù)睾?jiǎn)陋的公共場(chǎng)所,師資來(lái)源上則充分挖掘各類(lèi)有志于中國(guó)教育改革的人群。學(xué)制和教材運(yùn)用上也十分靈活,能夠半日讀書(shū),半日營(yíng)生。第四章就半日學(xué)堂與近代中國(guó)社會(huì)改良之間的關(guān)聯(lián)展開(kāi)探討。認(rèn)為半日學(xué)堂率先采用的拼音識(shí)字法對(duì)快速提高國(guó)民的識(shí)字率有重要的歷史貢獻(xiàn),直到今日,此種識(shí)字方法依然被廣泛采用。在近代社會(huì)移風(fēng)易俗上也有突出貢獻(xiàn),半日學(xué)堂的宣講、閱報(bào)活動(dòng)與勸學(xué)所共同舉辦,宣講員多兼任半日學(xué)堂的師資,其學(xué)員也多是積極參與者,這些舉措都十分利于中國(guó)近代社會(huì)的文明開(kāi)化。第五章對(duì)半日學(xué)堂與中國(guó)教育現(xiàn)代化的關(guān)聯(lián)展開(kāi)綜合評(píng)述,著重探討半日學(xué)堂興起的原因,對(duì)初等教育的貢獻(xiàn)以及整合地方教育資源的貢獻(xiàn)。認(rèn)為其對(duì)落后的中國(guó)不僅具有歷史意義,對(duì)于今日邊疆落后地區(qū)的掃盲教育依然有現(xiàn)實(shí)價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes and combs the origin, development and characteristics of the school, which is an important institution of promoting social education in the late Qing Dynasty. Focusing on the relationship between half-day school and ordinary primary and secondary schools in the field of primary education and its status in the development of modern Chinese society. This paper holds that the half-day school has played an important role in the modernization of education in China, has greatly promoted the literacy level of the ordinary people, and accumulated rich teaching practice experience for the literacy education after the founding of the people's Republic of China. At the same time, it can also be regarded as an important attempt of social improvement in all social strata in the late Qing Dynasty. The main contents of this paper are summarized as follows: the first chapter through the investigation of the origin of the half-day school in the late Qing Dynasty, as well as the status in the modern history of education in China. It shows that the birth of the half-day school is deeply rooted in the realistic social environment of modern China, the spread of the new educational thought in the late Qing Dynasty, the civilized view of Japan, and the dissemination of the German national civic education thought. In the reform of the New deal education, the importance of primary education and the establishment of the Ministry of Education persuasion have played an important role in promoting the development of half-day schools such as social amateur tutorial schools. The second chapter focuses on the development of half-day schools in the last few years of the Qing Dynasty, and points out that the half-day schools have filled up the resource space that the government-run primary and secondary schools have not given the literacy education to the ordinary people. The new school was a great success, expanding from Zhili to provinces in a few years. Through the specific statistical data, this paper outlines the development law and trend of the half-day school in the late Qing Dynasty, and thinks that the enlightened degree of the provincial administrators and the local officials and gentry class determines the level of development of the half-day school in the local area. The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of half-day school. Based on the teaching concept of "children from poor families" and "older lost scholars" in half-day schools, the educational objects are very diverse and the conditions for admission are very relaxed. The teaching facilities make full use of the local public places of the poor. The source of teachers fully excavates all kinds of people who are interested in China's educational reform. The school system and the use of teaching materials are also very flexible, half-day reading, half-day business. The fourth chapter discusses the relationship between half-day school and modern Chinese social reform. It is considered that the Pinyin Literacy method, which was first adopted by the Half-Day School, has an important historical contribution to the rapid improvement of the literacy rate of the people. Up to now, this method is still widely used. There were also outstanding contributions to the change of customs in modern society. The propaganda and newspaper reading activities of the half-day school, together with the persuasion institute, were held jointly, and many of the preachers were teachers of the half-day school, and most of their students were active participants. These measures are very conducive to the civilization of modern Chinese society. Chapter five makes a comprehensive review of the relationship between half-day schools and the modernization of education in China, focusing on the reasons for the rise of half-day schools, their contribution to primary education and the contribution of integrating local educational resources. It is not only of historical significance to backward China, but also of practical value to the literacy education in the backward frontier areas today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K257.5

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